A Th2 type of immune response is associated with increased resistance to Haemonchus contortus in naturally infected Gulf Coast Native lambs

SUMMARYThe excretory/secretory (E/S) products of adult Haemonchus contortus comprise of at least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 10 to > 100 kDa. These E/S products induce an immune response in infected Texel sheep, as demonstrated by specific IgGI levels and a significant lymphocyte proliferation index. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis revealed that sera of primary H. contortus-infected sheep specifically recognize a 24 kDa E/S product. In addition, sera of challenged sheep react strongly with a 15 kDa E/S product. The other E/S products of H. contortus showed immunoreactivity with serum samples of Haemonchus-infected sheep as well as with samples of sheep harbouring other trichostrongylid infections. These cross-reacting epitopes are the main cause of the lack of specificity of an E/S material- based ELISA. This ELISA can differentiate Haemonchus infections from Nematodirus battus infections, but not from Ostertagia circumcincta or Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections.

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St. Croix sheep produce a rapid and greater cellular immune response contributing to reduced establishment of Haemonchus contortus

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.01.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 208 (3-4) ◽

pp. 204-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Scott A. Bowdridge ◽

Anne M. Zajac ◽

David R. Notter

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Cellular Immune Response ◽

Cellular Immune

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Effect of tanniferous leaf meal based multi-nutrient blocks on feed intake, hematological profile, immune response, and body weight changes in Haemonchus contortus infected goats

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2015.572-579 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 572-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Surender Singh ◽

A. K. Pathak ◽

R. K. Sharma ◽

Muzaffer Khan

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Hematological Profile

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Recombinant protein of Haemonchus contortus small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) modulate the cell mediated immune response in vitro

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.22662 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (68) ◽

pp. 112211-112221 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Javaid Ali Gadahi ◽

Muhammad Ehsan ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Zhenchao Zhang ◽

Ruofeng Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Recombinant Protein ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Small Gtpase ◽

Adp Ribosylation ◽

Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽

Adp Ribosylation Factor ◽

Immune Response In Vitro

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Predicting the effects of parasite co-infection across species boundaries

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.2610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1874) ◽

pp. 20172610 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joanne Lello ◽

Susan J. McClure ◽

Kerri Tyrrell ◽

Mark E. Viney

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Blood Feeding ◽

Species Boundaries ◽

Parasite Transmission ◽

Parasite Control ◽

Host System ◽

Specific Outcome

It is normal for hosts to be co-infected by parasites. Interactions among co-infecting species can have profound consequences, including changing parasite transmission dynamics, altering disease severity and confounding attempts at parasite control. Despite the importance of co-infection, there is currently no way to predict how different parasite species may interact with one another, nor the consequences of those interactions. Here, we demonstrate a method that enables such prediction by identifying two nematode parasite groups based on taxonomy and characteristics of the parasitological niche. From an understanding of the interactions between the two defined groups in one host system (wild rabbits), we predict how two different nematode species, from the same defined groups, will interact in co-infections in a different host system (sheep), and then we test this experimentally. We show that, as predicted, in co-infections, the blood-feeding nematode Haemonchus contortus suppresses aspects of the sheep immune response, thereby facilitating the establishment and/or survival of the nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis ; and that the T. colubriformis -induced immune response negatively affects H. contortus . This work is, to our knowledge, the first to use empirical data from one host system to successfully predict the specific outcome of a different co-infection in a second host species. The study therefore takes the first step in defining a practical framework for predicting interspecific parasite interactions in other animal systems.

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Nanoparticles (PLGA and Chitosan)-Entrapped ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 of Haemonchus contortus Enhances the Immune Responses in ICR Mice

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8040726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 726

Author(s):

Muhammad Waqqas Hasan ◽

Muhammad Haseeb ◽

Muhammad Ehsan ◽

Javaid Ali Gadahi ◽

Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain Naqvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Adp Ribosylation ◽

Icr Mice ◽

Cytokine Analysis ◽

Adp Ribosylation Factor

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) is one of the Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) excretory/secretory proteins involved in modulating the immune response of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we evaluated the immunogenic potential of recombinant HcARF1 (rHcARF1) against H. contortus infection in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Briefly, rHcARF1 was entrapped in poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NP) and injected into mice as a vaccine. Fifty-six ICR mice were assigned randomly into seven groups, with eight animals in each group, and they were vaccinated subcutaneously. At the end of the experiment (14th day), the blood and the spleen were collected from euthanized mice to detect lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine analysis, and the production of antigen-specific antibodies. Scanning electron microscope was used to determine the size, morphology, and zeta potential of nanoparticles. Flow cytometry was performed, which presented the increase percentages of CD4+ T cells (CD3e+CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3e+CD8+) and dendritic cells (CD11c+CD83+, CD11c+CD86+) in mice vaccinated with rHcARF1+PLGA NP. Immunoassay analysis show raised humoral (Immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2a, IgM) and cell-mediated immune response (Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and IL-17, and Interferon (IFN)-γ) induced by rHcARF1+PLGA NP. Experimental groups that were treated with the antigen-loaded NP yield higher lymphocyte proliferation than the control groups. Based on these results, we could propose that the rHcARF1 encapsulated in NP could stimulate a strong immune response in mice rather than administering alone against the infection of H. contortus.

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