Molecular survey in relation to risk factors and haemato-biochemical alteration in Theileria equi infection of equines in Punjab Province, India

AbstractToxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii. Limited data are available on the occurrence of T. gondii in women especially pregnant women in Pakistan. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence and risk factors associated with T. gondii in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted and 593 samples were collected from pregnant (n = 293) and non-pregnant (n = 300) women of District Headquarter Hospitals of Chiniot, Faisalabad, Jhang and Okara, Pakistan. Data related to demographic parameters and risk factors were collected using a pretested questionnaire on blood sampling day. Serum samples were screened for antibodies (IgG) against T. gondii using ELISA. A univariant and binomial logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between seropositive and explanatory variables considering the 95% confidence interval. P value ⩽0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Out of 593, 44 (7.42%) women were seropositive for T. gondii IgG antibodies. Occupation, age, sampling location, socioeconomic status, contact with cat, pregnancy status and trimester of pregnancy were significantly associated with seropositivity for T. gondii antibodies. Location and trimester of pregnancy were identified as potential risk factors for T. gondii seropositivity based on binomial logistic regression. Toxoplasma gondii is prevalent in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Therefore, now a necessitated awareness is required to instruct the individuals about these infectious diseases (toxoplasmosis) and their control strategies to maintain the health of human population. Moreover, health awareness among public can help the minimization of T. gondii infection during pregnancy and subsequent risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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Decision letter for "Sero‐molecular survey and risk factors of equine piroplasmosi s in horses in Spain"

10.1111/evj.13348/v1/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Molecular Survey

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Detection of Theileria species infecting equine population in Punjab by 18S rRNA PCR

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.7490 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Sumbria ◽

L. D. Singla ◽

Amrita Sharma ◽

Paramjit Kaur

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

18S Rrna ◽

Blood Film ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Host Animal ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Wide Range ◽

Pcr Targeting

Present study demonstrates the prevalence and risk factors of infection to equines with Theileria species in Punjab, (India). The prevalence by thin blood film examination and Polymerase chain reactions based molecular assay was 4.17 and 33.33%, respectively. PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene of Theileria sp. produced high fidelity 1,100 bp amplification products with 100% sensitivity to blood films. The assessment of various risk factors revealed the prevalence of Theileria sp. to be uniformly distributed in equine population; the age of host animal being apparently the most influential factor for infection (Odds ratio= 1.6154, P= 0.41). The multiple sequence alignment revealed that the primer pair used could perceive the presence of wide range of species of Theileria genus; however the phylogenetic analysis of the custom sequenced amplicons clustered in one node with diverse Theileria equi isolates indicating the evolutionary homology.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection in equids

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.06.012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 172-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Ignacio García-Bocanegra ◽

Antonio Arenas-Montes ◽

Esther Hernández ◽

Łukasz Adaszek ◽

Alfonso Carbonero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Babesia Caballi ◽

Factors Associated

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Author response for "Sero‐molecular survey and risk factors of equine piroplasmosi s in horses in Spain"

10.1111/evj.13348/v3/response1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eliazar Camino ◽

Aranzazu Buendia ◽

Abel Dorrego ◽

Pilar Pozo ◽

Lucía de Juan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Author Response ◽

Molecular Survey

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A Review on Equine Piroplasmosis: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Risk Factors, Host Immunity, Diagnosis and Control

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16101736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1736 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

ThankGod E. Onyiche ◽

Keisuke Suganuma ◽

Ikuo Igarashi ◽

Naoaki Yokoyama ◽

Xuenan Xuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Vector Ecology ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Equine Piroplasmosis ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Tick Vectors ◽

And Control

Equine Piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. The disease is responsible for serious economic losses to the equine industry. It principally affects donkeys, horses, mules, and zebra but DNA of the parasites has also been detected in dogs and camels raising doubt about their host specificity. The disease is endemic in tropical and temperate regions of the world where the competent tick vectors are prevalent. Infected equids remain carrier for life with T. equi infection, whilst, infection with B. caballi is cleared within a few years. This review focuses on all aspects of the disease from the historical overview, biology of the parasite, epidemiology of the disease (specifically highlighting other non-equine hosts, such as dogs and camels), vector, clinical manifestations, risk factors, immunology, genetic diversity, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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