scholarly journals Predictive models using “cheap and easy” field measurements: Can they fill a gap in planning, monitoring, and implementing fecal sludge management solutions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 116997
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Ward ◽  
Nienke Andriessen ◽  
James M. Tembo ◽  
Joel Kabika ◽  
Matt Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Fecal Sludge

Septage Characterization and Sustainable Fecal Sludge Management in Rural Nablus – Palestine

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-416
Author(s):  
A. Rasem Hasan ◽  
Mohammed A. Hussein ◽  
Hanan A. Jafar ◽  
Amjad I.A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Sludge Management ◽  
Fecal Sludge

scholarly journals Full-Field Measurements in the Edge Crush Test of a Corrugated Board – Analytical and Numerical Predictive Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Garbowski ◽  
Jakub Krzysztof Grabski ◽  
Aleksander Marek
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Reliable Design ◽  
Force Displacement ◽  
Good Agreement

The article focuses on derivation of simplified predictive models for identification of overall compressive stiffness and strength of corrugated cardboards. As a representative example an unsymmetrical 5-ply sample (with E and B flute) was used in this study. In order to exclude unreliable displacement measurement in the standard edge crush test, the virtual strain gauges are used. Video extensometry is employed here to collect measurements from the outer surfaces of the sample on both sides. Additional data allows for obtaining real force-displacement curves, which are used in the validation procedure. To emulate the experimental results, beside simple analytical model, also a 3D numerical model fully reflecting the geometry of the corrugated board, based on finite elements method was also built. In both cases a good agreement between the experimental results and the analytical and numerical calculations was observed. This proves that the proposed analytical model can be successfully used to determine the overall stiffness and compressive strength of the corrugated board, provided that the geometry and properties of all the layers of the board are known. The simple model presented in this work enables quick and reliable design and prototyping of new assemblies without the need to manufacture them.

scholarly journals Context and intentions: practical associations for fecal sludge management in rural low-income Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
James Harper ◽  
Angela Bielefeldt ◽  
Amy Javernick-Will ◽  
Toeur Veasna ◽  
Chris Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Finite storage capacities of household pit latrines make safely managing fecal sludge a recurring challenge for 2.7 billion people globally. Frequently without guidance from standards or regulation, rural latrine owners choose how to manage their own fecal sludge. However, their intentions – what behavioral science says are the best predictors of future behaviors – when pits fill are poorly understood, inhibiting the development of safe fecal sludge management (FSM) solutions and deteriorating public and environmental health. Using survey data commonly measured by development practitioners, we analyze response frequencies and their associations with contextual factors, such as location, month that the survey was administered, and poverty level. We also use binomial logistic regression to determine if contextual factors can be used to predict the intentions of rural Cambodian latrine owners when pits fill. We found that four in ten rural latrine owners intend to manage their fecal sludge unsafely (41%), and one in six did not have a plan (16%). Desirable FSM intentions increased markedly after rice harvest and varied markedly across provinces. Many predictors of desirable FSM intentions, such as location and satisfaction with the household's latrine, were also identified. Associations between FSM intentions and contextual factors can be used to help predict FSM behaviors and improve FSM service delivery, behavior change campaigns, and product design. However, future work should seek to characterize the complete decision-making processes of rural latrine owners when pits fill. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

scholarly journals Take it away: the need for designing fecal sludge disposal services for single-pit latrines

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Balasubramanya ◽  
Barbara Evans ◽  
Rizwan Ahmed ◽  
Ahasan Habib ◽  
N. S. M. Asad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

The government of Bangladesh is increasingly paying attention to the safe collection and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas. In this paper, we report on current sludge disposal practices from single-pit latrines, by conducting a survey of 1,091 households with pit latrines in a rural subdistrict of Bangladesh. Almost all households were using their pits, and 90% reported that hiring pit emptiers to empty the pit for reuse was the dominant pit management practice. However, 90% of households also reported that the sludge from these pits would be disposed of in the vicinity of their homes, by digging wide and shallow troughs in the soil to absorb the sludge. These results indicate an urgent need to design an organized service that safely transports fecal sludge away for treatment. The National Committee for Fecal Sludge Management, constituted by the government of Bangladesh, is using these results to design policy for sludge management.

scholarly journals Fecal sludge management: a comparative analysis of 12 cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Peal ◽  
Barbara Evans ◽  
Isabel Blackett ◽  
Peter Hawkins ◽  
Chris Heymans
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Key Interventions

This paper outlines the findings of a fecal sludge management (FSM) initial scoping study in 12 cities. This short, desk-based study assesses the institutional context and the outcome in terms of the amount of fecal sludge safely managed in each city. A range of cities was included in the review, all in low- and middle-income countries. None of the cities studied managed fecal sludge effectively, although performance varied. Where cities are seeking to address fecal sludge challenges the solutions are, at best, only partial, with a focus on sewerage which serves a small minority in most cases. FSM requires strong city-level oversight and an enabling environment that drives coordinated actions along the sanitation service chain; this was largely absent in the cities studied. Based on the findings of the review a typology of cities was developed to aid the identification of key interventions to improve FSM service delivery. Additional work is recommended to further improve the tools used in this study in order to enable better understanding of the FSM challenges and identify appropriate operational solutions.

scholarly journals Business models for fecal sludge management.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Rao ◽  
E. Kvarnstrom ◽  
L. Di Mario ◽  
P. Drechsel
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Fecal Sludge

scholarly journals Business models for fecal sludge management in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Rao ◽  
S. Velidandla ◽  
C. L. Scott ◽  
P. Drechsel
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Fecal Sludge
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document