scholarly journals Fecal sludge management: a comparative analysis of 12 cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Peal ◽  
Barbara Evans ◽  
Isabel Blackett ◽  
Peter Hawkins ◽  
Chris Heymans
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Key Interventions

This paper outlines the findings of a fecal sludge management (FSM) initial scoping study in 12 cities. This short, desk-based study assesses the institutional context and the outcome in terms of the amount of fecal sludge safely managed in each city. A range of cities was included in the review, all in low- and middle-income countries. None of the cities studied managed fecal sludge effectively, although performance varied. Where cities are seeking to address fecal sludge challenges the solutions are, at best, only partial, with a focus on sewerage which serves a small minority in most cases. FSM requires strong city-level oversight and an enabling environment that drives coordinated actions along the sanitation service chain; this was largely absent in the cities studied. Based on the findings of the review a typology of cities was developed to aid the identification of key interventions to improve FSM service delivery. Additional work is recommended to further improve the tools used in this study in order to enable better understanding of the FSM challenges and identify appropriate operational solutions.

Professionals’ perspectives of prosthetic and orthotic services in Tanzania, Malawi, Sierra Leone and Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Allied Health Professions ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Education Needs

Background: Evidence-based recommendations are lacking for prosthetic and orthotic services in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare and synthesise findings related to experiences of prosthetic and orthotic service delivery in Tanzania, Malawi, Sierra Leone and Pakistan from the perspective of local professionals. Study design: This is a qualitative inductive study. Methods: A total of 49 associated prosthetists/orthotists and prosthetic/orthotic technicians participated in individual interviews. The second-order concept analysis was applied to the data. Results: Four common themes emerged: low awareness and prioritisation of prosthetic and orthotic services; difficulty managing specific pathological conditions and problems with materials; limited access to prosthetic and orthotic services; and the need for further education and desire for professional development. A further theme was unique to Sierra Leone: people with disabilities have low social status. Conclusion: Local professionals felt unable to deliver high-quality prosthetic and orthotic services. Prosthetic and orthotic education needs to be adjusted to various countries’ regulations to be recognised as allied health professions. Rehabilitation and prosthetic and orthotic service delivery need to be further integrated in low- and lower-middle-income countries’ regular health systems to increase effective person-centred rehabilitation and to address governments’ low awareness and low prioritisation of prosthetic and orthotic services. Clinical relevance The results can inform international guidelines and curriculum development for associate prosthetist/orthotist education to better prepare graduates for the clinical scenario and attempts to improve prosthetic and orthotic service delivery programmes in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Primary healthcare system performance in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the evidence from 2010 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 8) ◽  
pp. e001551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Bitton ◽  
Jocelyn Fifield ◽  
Hannah Ratcliffe ◽  
Ami Karlage ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionThe 2018 Astana Declaration reaffirmed global commitment to primary healthcare (PHC) as a core strategy to achieve universal health coverage. To meet this potential, PHC in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) needs to be strengthened, but research is lacking and fragmented. We conducted a scoping review of the recent literature to assess the state of research on PHC in LMIC and understand where future research is most needed.MethodsGuided by the Primary Healthcare Performance Initiative (PHCPI) conceptual framework, we conducted searches of the peer-reviewed literature on PHC in LMIC published between 2010 (the publication year of the last major review of PHC in LMIC) and 2017. We also conducted country-specific searches to understand performance trajectories in 14 high-performing countries identified in the previous review. Evidence highlights and gaps for each topic area of the PHCPI framework were extracted and summarised.ResultsWe retrieved 5219 articles, 207 of which met final inclusion criteria. Many PHC system inputs such as payment and workforce are well-studied. A number of emerging service delivery innovations have early evidence of success but lack evidence for how to scale more broadly. Community-based PHC systems with supportive governmental policies and financing structures (public and private) consistently promote better outcomes and equity. Among the 14 highlighted countries, most maintained or improved progress in the scope of services, quality, access and financial coverage of PHC during the review time period.ConclusionOur findings revealed a heterogeneous focus of recent literature, with ample evidence for effective PHC policies, payment and other system inputs. More variability was seen in key areas of service delivery, underscoring a need for greater emphasis on implementation science and intervention testing. Future evaluations are needed on PHC system capacities and orientation toward social accountability, innovation, management and population health in order to achieve the promise of PHC.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Health and Economic Growth Nexus: A Case Study of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muska Nazir, Dr. Ahmed Farhan Saeed, Dr. Sanam Wagma Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Relationship Of

Health is one of the key factor that determines the growth of an economy. It is the improved health of the labor that can translate into increased output levels, higher level of productivity and efficient utilization of resources. For the study, Pooled OLS regression over the period from 1980-2017 is applied on panel data to find the results of health and economic growth nexus for three lower middle income countries that are Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. For Pakistan, Bangladesh and India, their statistics provides further support to existing literature showing a significant and positive relationship of health with economic growth. Comparing their results, it is found that India’s better health facilities are contributing more towards economic growth as compared to Pakistan and Bangladesh. Therefore, their focus too should be on improvement of health indicators in order to achieve higher economic growth levels.

scholarly journals Critical care service delivery across healthcare systems in low-income and low-middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e048423
Author(s):  
Andrew George Lim ◽  
Sean Kivlehan ◽  
Lia Ilona Losonczy ◽  
Srinivas Murthy ◽  
Enrico Dippenaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Critical Care Service ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

IntroductionCritical care in low-income and low-middle income countries (LLMICs) is an underdeveloped component of the healthcare system. Given the increasing growth in demand for critical care services in LLMICs, understanding the current capacity to provide critical care is imperative to inform policy on service expansion. Thus, our aim is to describe the provision of critical care in LLMICs with respect to patients, providers, location of care and services and interventions delivered.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE for full-text original research articles available in English describing critical care services that specify the location of service delivery and describe patients and interventions. We will restrict our review to populations from LLMICs (using 2016 World Bank classifications) and published from 1 January 2008 to 1 January 2020. Two-reviewer agreement will be required for both title/abstract and full text review stages, and rate of agreement will be calculated for each stage. We will extract data regarding the location of critical care service delivery, the training of the healthcare professionals providing services, and the illnesses treated according to classification by the WHO Universal Health Coverage Compendium.Ethics and disseminationReviewed and exempted by the Stanford University Office for Human Subjects Research and IRB on 20 May 2020. The results of this review will be disseminated through scholarly publication and presentation at regional and international conferences. This review is designed to inform broader WHO, International Federation for Emergency Medicine and partner efforts to strengthen critical care globally.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019146802.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document