scholarly journals Immersing Patients in a Virtual Reality Environment for Brain Mapping During Awake Surgery: Safety Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. e937-e943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Delion ◽  
Evelyne Klinger ◽  
Florian Bernard ◽  
Ghislaine Aubin ◽  
Aram Ter Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Safety Study

scholarly journals Immersive Virtual Reality and Ocular Tracking for Brain Mapping During Awake Surgery: Prospective Evaluation Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Casanova ◽  
Anne Clavreul ◽  
Gwénaëlle Soulard ◽  
Matthieu Delion ◽  
Ghislaine Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Language Mapping

BACKGROUND Language mapping during awake brain surgery is currently a standard procedure. However, mapping is rarely performed for other cognitive functions that are important for social interaction, such as visuospatial cognition and nonverbal language, including facial expressions and eye gaze. The main reason for this omission is the lack of tasks that are fully compatible with the restrictive environment of an operating room and awake brain surgery procedures. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a virtual reality headset equipped with an eye-tracking device that is able to promote an immersive visuospatial and social virtual reality (VR) experience for patients undergoing awake craniotomy. METHODS We recruited 15 patients with brain tumors near language and/or motor areas. Language mapping was performed with a naming task, DO 80, presented on a computer tablet and then in 2D and 3D via the VRH. Patients were also immersed in a visuospatial and social VR experience. RESULTS None of the patients experienced VR sickness, whereas 2 patients had an intraoperative focal seizure without consequence; there was no reason to attribute these seizures to virtual reality headset use. The patients were able to perform the VR tasks. Eye tracking was functional, enabling the medical team to analyze the patients’ attention and exploration of the visual field of the virtual reality headset directly. CONCLUSIONS We found that it is possible and safe to immerse the patient in an interactive virtual environment during awake brain surgery, paving the way for new VR-based brain mapping procedures. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010943; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03010943.

scholarly journals Immersive Virtual Reality and Ocular Tracking for Brain Mapping During Awake Surgery: Prospective Evaluation Study

10.2196/24373 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. e24373
Author(s):  
Morgane Casanova ◽  
Anne Clavreul ◽  
Gwénaëlle Soulard ◽  
Matthieu Delion ◽  
Ghislaine Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Language Mapping

Background Language mapping during awake brain surgery is currently a standard procedure. However, mapping is rarely performed for other cognitive functions that are important for social interaction, such as visuospatial cognition and nonverbal language, including facial expressions and eye gaze. The main reason for this omission is the lack of tasks that are fully compatible with the restrictive environment of an operating room and awake brain surgery procedures. Objective This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a virtual reality headset equipped with an eye-tracking device that is able to promote an immersive visuospatial and social virtual reality (VR) experience for patients undergoing awake craniotomy. Methods We recruited 15 patients with brain tumors near language and/or motor areas. Language mapping was performed with a naming task, DO 80, presented on a computer tablet and then in 2D and 3D via the VRH. Patients were also immersed in a visuospatial and social VR experience. Results None of the patients experienced VR sickness, whereas 2 patients had an intraoperative focal seizure without consequence; there was no reason to attribute these seizures to virtual reality headset use. The patients were able to perform the VR tasks. Eye tracking was functional, enabling the medical team to analyze the patients’ attention and exploration of the visual field of the virtual reality headset directly. Conclusions We found that it is possible and safe to immerse the patient in an interactive virtual environment during awake brain surgery, paving the way for new VR-based brain mapping procedures. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010943; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03010943.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

DEFORMATION OF B-SPLINE BASED PLASTICINE MATERIAL MODEL IN VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
GANDOTRA SANDEEP ◽  
Pungotra Harish ◽  
Moudgil Prince Kumar ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
B Spline

Neurocognitive and functional outcomes in patients with diffuse frontal lower-grade gliomas undergoing intraoperative awake brain mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Motomura ◽  
Lushun Chalise ◽  
Fumiharu Ohka ◽  
Kosuke Aoki ◽  
Kuniaki Tanahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Mapping ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neurocognitive Functions ◽  
Motor Disturbances

OBJECTIVELower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are often observed within eloquent regions, which indicates that tumor resection in these areas carries a potential risk for neurological disturbances, such as motor deficit, language disorder, and/or neurocognitive impairments. Some patients with frontal tumors exhibit severe impairments of neurocognitive function, including working memory and spatial awareness, after tumor removal. The aim of this study was to investigate neurocognitive and functional outcomes of frontal LGGs in both the dominant and nondominant hemispheres after awake brain mapping.METHODSData from 50 consecutive patients with diffuse frontal LGGs in the dominant and nondominant hemispheres who underwent awake brain surgery between December 2012 and September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The goal was to map neurocognitive functions such as working memory by using working memory tasks, including digit span testing and N-back tasks.RESULTSDue to awake language mapping, the frontal aslant tract was frequently identified as a functional boundary in patients with left superior frontal gyrus tumors (76.5%). Furthermore, functional boundaries were identified while evaluating verbal and spatial working memory function by stimulating the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using the digit span and visual N-back tasks in patients with right superior frontal gyrus tumors (7.1%). Comparing the preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological assessments from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS-R), significant improvement following awake surgery was observed in mean Perceptual Organization (Z = −2.09, p = 0.04) in WAIS-III scores. Postoperative mean WMS-R scores for Visual Memory (Z = −2.12, p = 0.03) and Delayed Recall (Z = −1.98, p = 0.04) were significantly improved compared with preoperative values for every test after awake surgery. No significant deterioration was noted with regard to neurocognitive functions in a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. In the postoperative course, early transient speech and motor disturbances were observed in 30.0% and 28.0% of patients, respectively. In contrast, late permanent speech and motor disturbances were observed in 0% and 4.0%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIt is noteworthy that no significant postoperative deterioration was identified compared with preoperative status in a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. The results demonstrated that awake functional mapping enabled favorable neurocognitive and functional outcomes after surgery in patients with diffuse frontal LGGs.

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