Prediction Error Stabilization and Long-Term Standard Results with a Monofocal Intraocular Lens

The aim of this study was to assess the stability and differences between objective (O-Rx) and subjective (S-Rx) refraction for the assessment of the prediction error (PE). A secondary aim was to report the results of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). 100 subjects were included for whom S-Rx and O-Rx were obtained for all visits, and for visual performance, posterior capsular opacification incidence and Nd:YAG rates at 12 months. Either S-Rx and O-Rx showed a hyperopic shift from 1 to 6 months (p < 0.05) and stabilization after 6 months. S-Rx was related with the axial length (rho = −0.29, p = 0.007), obtaining a major tendency towards hyperopia in short eyes implanted with high-power IOLs. O-Rx showed a myopic shift in comparison to S-Rx (p < 0.05). This resulted in a decrease of the number of eyes in ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D from 79 to 67% and from 94 to 90%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) uncorrected and corrected visual acuities were 0.1 (0.29) and 0 (0.12) logMAR, respectively, and seven eyes required Nd:YAG capsulotomy at 12 months. Some caution should be taken in PE studies in which O-Rx is used or S-Rx is measured in a 1-month follow-up. Constant optimization should be conducted for this IOL after S-Rx stabilization.

Comparative Analysis of a New Hybrid EDOF-Multifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens with a Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens

Purpose To compare visual acuity, defocus curve and visual quality of life performances of a new hybrid refractive-diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a trifocal diffractive IOL. Methods Patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of ZFR00V or TFNT00 IOLs were enrolled in this study. The main outcomes were defined as uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuities (UDVA, UIVA and UNVA, respectively), defocus curve and VF-14 questionnaire aimed for visual performance. Results Fifty patients, of whom 30 had bilateral ZFR00V implantation, were enrolled in the study. Patients with ZFR00V had significantly better UIVA than patients with TFNT00 (0.05 ± 0.03 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04 logMAR, P = 0.02). Defocus curve showed significantly higher visual acuity in intermediate range for ZFR00V IOL between −1.00 and −1.50 dioptres (all P < 0.05). All patients had good visual performance with mean VF-14 scores above 3 points with no significant difference between two IOL models. Spectacle independence was 100% for both distant and near vision in both group of patients. Conclusion Bilateral implantation of ZFR00V in cataract patients shows better intermediate visual acuity scores and similar daily visual performance when compared with trifocal TFNT00 IOL.

CJing: Combining Live Coding and VJing for Live Visual Performance

<p>Live coding focuses on improvising content by coding in textual interfaces, but this reliance on low level text editing impairs usability by not allowing for high level manipulation of content. VJing focuses on remixing existing content with graphical user interfaces and hardware controllers, but this focus on high level manipulation does not allow for fine-grained control where content can be improvised from scratch or manipulated at a low level. This thesis proposes the code jockey practice (CJing), a new hybrid practice that combines aspects of live coding and VJing practice. In CJing, a performer known as a code jockey (CJ) interacts with code, graphical user interfaces and hardware controllers to create or manipulate real-time visuals. CJing harnesses the strengths of live coding and VJing to enable flexible performances where content can be controlled at both low and high levels. Live coding provides fine-grained control where content can be improvised from scratch or manipulated at a low level while VJing provides high level manipulation where content can be organised, remixed and interacted with. To illustrate CJing, this thesis contributes Visor, a new environment for live visual performance that embodies the practice. Visor's design is based on key ideas of CJing and a study of live coders and VJs in practice. To evaluate CJing and Visor, this thesis reflects on the usage of Visor in live performances and feedback gathered from creative coders, live coders, and VJs who experimented with the environment.</p>

CJing: Combining Live Coding and VJing for Live Visual Performance

<p>Live coding focuses on improvising content by coding in textual interfaces, but this reliance on low level text editing impairs usability by not allowing for high level manipulation of content. VJing focuses on remixing existing content with graphical user interfaces and hardware controllers, but this focus on high level manipulation does not allow for fine-grained control where content can be improvised from scratch or manipulated at a low level. This thesis proposes the code jockey practice (CJing), a new hybrid practice that combines aspects of live coding and VJing practice. In CJing, a performer known as a code jockey (CJ) interacts with code, graphical user interfaces and hardware controllers to create or manipulate real-time visuals. CJing harnesses the strengths of live coding and VJing to enable flexible performances where content can be controlled at both low and high levels. Live coding provides fine-grained control where content can be improvised from scratch or manipulated at a low level while VJing provides high level manipulation where content can be organised, remixed and interacted with. To illustrate CJing, this thesis contributes Visor, a new environment for live visual performance that embodies the practice. Visor's design is based on key ideas of CJing and a study of live coders and VJs in practice. To evaluate CJing and Visor, this thesis reflects on the usage of Visor in live performances and feedback gathered from creative coders, live coders, and VJs who experimented with the environment.</p>

USING RELATIVE VISUAL PERFORMANCE TO PREDICT THE ABILITY TO MAKE INTERPERSONAL EVALUATIONS

In research of lighting for pedestrians, many experiments have been conducted to determine how changes in lighting affect the ability to make interpersonal evaluations. Here we consider an alternative approach, predicting performance using a model - Relative Visual Performance. The results show that face evaluation ability is affected by adaptation luminance and also by personal characteristics; observer age and skin tone of the observed person. While 2 lx is sufficient for a young observer to evaluate a Caucasian face, the typical situation in laboratory trials, higher illuminances are needed for older observers and for darker skin tones.

ON SENSITIVITY TO GLARE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH MACULAR PIGMENT

Current trends in discomfort glare research have suggested the influence of physiological parameters on individual glare perception. To this end, we hypothesize that a specific ocular physiology characteristic, namely the macular pigment (MP) in the retina, could have an influence on glare sensitivity, encouraged by recent findings from the literature that have shown that high MP levels were indicative of better visual performance. This study investigates whether a person’s sensitivity to glare could be somehow correlated to their macular pigment optical density (MPOD). We measured MPOD in 56 participants and compared it with their discomfort glare thresholds, which were determined psychophysically by exposing the participants to a series of lighting conditions varying in intensity. We found that the influence of MPOD on glare sensitivity is borderline significant with small effect size but does not follow intuition. Additional data will be required to validate and refine these initial findings.

DAYLIGHT VARIABILITY AND HUMAN PERCEPTION with reference to selected Contemporary Residential Spaces in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Visual perception of a space is influenced by the composition and behaviour of light. Daylight as a natural element, creates different atmospheres in the same space by its variation of intensity, colour, and direction. It creates dynamic shadow patterns, fluctuating brightness and contrast levels. Although the capacity to create variation - therefore contrast, is an important characteristic of daylight - it is often neglected in research, where comfort and visual performance take prominence. This is a research initiative to emphasise the value of daylight variation on spatial quality and human perception. The research adopts a two-step process, where, digital images are first mapped to generate contrast diagrams, and secondly, the generated digital images form the basis for a survey utilising a seven-point semantic differential scale, to explore the relationship between daylight variability and human perception. The temporal variation of daylight is explored by diagramming the spatial images at selected times of the day and year. The scope of the study is limited to selected contemporary residential spaces and focus on the manner of integrating daylight into spaces. Results show that a direct relationship between daylight variability and human perception for side lit spaces is not evident, yet it is evident in top lit options.