scholarly journals The effects of community pharmacy-delivered public health interventions on population health and health inequalities: A review of reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Frances Hillier-Brown ◽  
Nick Walton ◽  
Mirza Bilaj ◽  
Clare Bambra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities

Development and evaluation of complex multicomponent interventions in public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Rona Campbell ◽  
Chris Bonell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

This chapter examines the issues to consider when developing and evaluating complex public health interventions and signposts where more detailed guidance can be found. It starts by considering what complexity means in this context, including the contribution that systems theory has made. When developing complex interventions we suggest: (i) reading quantitative and qualitative research on similar interventions, preferably within systematic reviews; (ii) consulting stakeholders, including those that the intervention is intended to benefit, to help ensure its relevance, acceptability and ownership; (iii) considering using theory to inform the intervention design and hypotheses to assess in evaluations; (iv) assessing whether the intervention could operate at more than one level (from individual through to policy) to increase its chances of success; and (v) reflecting on issues of equity and how the intervention could reduce health inequalities.

Applied Health Economics for Public Health Practice and Research

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Public Health Interventions

Public health has been described as the organized activities of society to improve and protect the health of the population. Health economics applied to public health is the study of how we allocate our scarce societal resources to meet our public health wants and needs in the best way possible. This book presents current thinking on health economics methodology and application to the evaluation of public health interventions (PHIs). It is for health economists working in higher education and public healthcare systems, challenged with the economic evaluation of PHIs, when they have been used to applying health economics and the methods of economic evaluation to narrower clinical interventions in primary or secondary care settings. This book will also be of interest to public health practitioners wanting to incorporate health economics into their daily work. This book covers the history of economics of public health and the economic rationale for government investment in prevention; principles of health economics including scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost; evidence synthesis; key methods of economic evaluation with accompanying case studies; economic modelling of public health interventions; return on investment analysis with national and international case studies; and application of programme budgeting and marginal analysis (PBMA) to the prioritization of PHIs. It concludes with priorities for research in the field of public health economics, spanning an acknowledgement of the role played by the natural environment in promoting better health, through to precision public health, recognizing the role of genetics, the environment, and socioeconomic status in determining population health.

Access to intervene. An ethnographic study of public health practices targeting health inequalities

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110328
Author(s):  
Mette Terp Høybye ◽  
Ditte Herring Holt ◽  
Morten Hulvej Rod
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Target Groups

Much public health research has devoted attention to the question of how interventions aimed at reducing health inequalities can access so-called “hard-to-reach” populations. This work has generally reflected an instrumentalist approach, which implies the preexistence of particular target groups characterized by specific public health problems. The key research interests are to find ways to effectively alleviate health inequalities and to identify the best ways to intervene to address disparate health problems among certain groups of people. Based on ethnographic research with public health officers in four Danish municipalities, this article turns the issue on its head by examining how public health officers gain access to intervene in practice and, as part of this process, define and delineate target groups and public health problems. Through detailed descriptions of two ethnographic cases, we develop the argument that public health interventions carry with them moral differentiations that may contradict the overall intention of reducing health inequalities. We adopt a theoretical perspective developed by Lakoff and Collier, suggesting that public health interventions can be understood as “regimes of living.” This leads us to the conclusion that the practices of gaining access result in the production of unforeseen target groups and new moral configurations where the value of health becomes linked to other types of value, most importantly economic value. For public health officers, the complicated issue of gaining access to intervene is not simply a matter of finding practical solutions; it also defines and delineates the scope of public health itself.

scholarly journals Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e032981
Author(s):  
Elodie Besnier ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Donata Stonkute ◽  
Talal Mohammad ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionDespite significant progress in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a significant threat to children’s health in low-income and middle-income countries. Effective means of prevention and control for these diseases exist, making any differences in the burden of these diseases between population groups or countries inequitable. Yet, gaps remain in our knowledge of the effect these public health interventions have on health inequalities in children, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This umbrella review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases among children in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisAn umbrella review will be conducted to identify systematic reviews or evidence synthesis of public health interventions that reduce morbidity, mortality and/or health inequalities due to infectious diseases among children (aged under 5 years) in low-income and middle-income countries. The interventions of interest are public health interventions targeting infectious diseases or associated risk factors in children. We will search for reviews reporting health and health inequalities outcomes in and between populations. The literature search will be undertaken using the Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, the CAB Global Health database, Health Evidence, the Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation Systematic review repository, Scopus, the Social Sciences Citation Index and PROSPERO. Additionally, a manual search will be performed in Google Scholar and three international organisations websites (UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, UNICEF, WHO) to capture grey literature. Data from the records meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria will be collated using a narrative synthesis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis review will exclusively work with anonymous group-level information available from published reviews. No ethical approval was required.The results of the review will be submitted for publication in academic journals and presented at international public health conferences. Additionally, key findings will be summarised for dissemination to a wider policy and general public audience as part of the Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research’s policy work.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019141673

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