scholarly journals Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs): protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e032981
Author(s):  
Elodie Besnier ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Donata Stonkute ◽  
Talal Mohammad ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

IntroductionDespite significant progress in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a significant threat to children’s health in low-income and middle-income countries. Effective means of prevention and control for these diseases exist, making any differences in the burden of these diseases between population groups or countries inequitable. Yet, gaps remain in our knowledge of the effect these public health interventions have on health inequalities in children, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. This umbrella review aims to address some of these gaps by exploring which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases among children in low-income and middle-income countries.Methods and analysisAn umbrella review will be conducted to identify systematic reviews or evidence synthesis of public health interventions that reduce morbidity, mortality and/or health inequalities due to infectious diseases among children (aged under 5 years) in low-income and middle-income countries. The interventions of interest are public health interventions targeting infectious diseases or associated risk factors in children. We will search for reviews reporting health and health inequalities outcomes in and between populations. The literature search will be undertaken using the Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, the CAB Global Health database, Health Evidence, the Campbell Collaboration Library of Systematic Reviews, International Initiative for Impact Evaluation Systematic review repository, Scopus, the Social Sciences Citation Index and PROSPERO. Additionally, a manual search will be performed in Google Scholar and three international organisations websites (UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, UNICEF, WHO) to capture grey literature. Data from the records meeting our inclusion/exclusion criteria will be collated using a narrative synthesis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis review will exclusively work with anonymous group-level information available from published reviews. No ethical approval was required.The results of the review will be submitted for publication in academic journals and presented at international public health conferences. Additionally, key findings will be summarised for dissemination to a wider policy and general public audience as part of the Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research’s policy work.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019141673

scholarly journals Which public health interventions are effective in reducing morbidity, mortality and health inequalities from infectious diseases amongst children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): An umbrella review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251905
Author(s):  
Elodie Besnier ◽  
Katie Thomson ◽  
Donata Stonkute ◽  
Talal Mohammad ◽  
Nasima Akhter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups

Despite significant progress in the last few decades, infectious diseases remain a major threat to child health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)—particularly amongst more disadvantaged groups. It is imperative to understand the best available evidence concerning which public health interventions reduce morbidity, mortality and health inequalities in children aged under five years. To address this gap, we carried out an umbrella review (a systematic reviews of reviews) to identify evidence on the effects of public health interventions (promotion, protection, prevention) on morbidity, mortality and/or health inequalities due to infectious diseases amongst children in LMICs. Ten databases were searched for records published between 2014–2021 alongside a manual search of gray literature. Articles were quality-assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool (AMSTAR 2). A narrative synthesis was conducted. We identified 60 systematic reviews synthesizing 453 individual primary studies. A majority of the reviews reported on preventive interventions (n = 48), with a minority on promotion (n = 17) and almost no reviews covering health protection interventions (n = 2). Effective interventions for improving child health across the whole population, as well as the most disadvantaged included communication, education and social mobilization for specific preventive services or tools, such as immunization or bed nets. For all other interventions, the effects were either unclear, unknown or detrimental, either at the overall population level or regarding health inequalities. We found few reviews reporting health inequalities information and the quality of the evidence base was generally low. Our umbrella review identified some prevention interventions that might be useful in reducing under five mortality from infectious diseases in LMICs, particularly amongst the most disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals The Role of Implementation Science in Advancing Resource Generation for Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863292199965
Author(s):  
Temitope Ojo ◽  
Laetitia Kabasele ◽  
Bethanny Boyd ◽  
Scholastica Enechukwu ◽  
Nessa Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the brunt of communicable and non-communicable diseases and experience higher mortality and poor health outcomes compared to resource-rich countries. Chronic resource deficits in LMICs impede their ability to successfully address vexing health issues. Implementation science provides researchers with an approach to develop specific interventions that can generate and/or maximize resources to facilitate the implementation of other public health interventions, in resource-constrained LMIC settings. Resources generated from these interventions could be in the form of increased health workers’ skills, task shifting to free up higher-skilled health workers, increasing laboratory capacity, and using supply chain innovations to make medications available. Pivotal to the success of such interventions is ensuring feasibility in the LMIC context. We selected and appraised three case studies of evidence-based resource-generating health interventions based in LMICs (Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Madagascar), which generated or maximized resources to facilitate ongoing health services. We used a determinant implementation framework—Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify and map contextual factors that are reported to influence implementation feasibility in an LMIC setting. Contextual factors influencing the feasibility of these interventions included leadership engagement, local capacity building and readiness for research and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs), infrastructural support for multilevel scale-up, and cultural and contextual adaptations. These factors highlight the importance of utilizing implementation science frameworks to evaluate, guide, and execute feasible public health interventions and projects in resource-limited settings. Within LMICs, we recommend EBPs incorporate feasible resource-generating components in health interventions to ensure improved and sustained optimal health outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative systematic literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Bulthuis ◽  
Maryse C Kok ◽  
Joanna Raven ◽  
Marjolein A Dieleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
The Way

Abstract To achieve universal health coverage, the scale-up of high impact public health interventions is essential. However, scale-up is challenging and often not successful. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to provide insights into the factors influencing the scale-up of public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Two databases were searched for studies with a qualitative research component. The GRADE-CERQual approach was applied to assess the confidence in the evidence for each key review finding. A multi-level perspective on transition was applied to ensure a focus on vertical scale-up for sustainability. According to this theory, changes in the way of organizing (structure), doing (practice) and thinking (culture) need to take place to ensure the scale-up of an intervention. Among the most prominent factors influencing scale-up through changes in structure was the availability of financial, human and material resources. Inadequate supply chains were often barriers to scale-up. Advocacy activities positively influenced scale-up, and changes in the policy environment hindered or facilitated scale-up. The most outstanding factors influencing scale-up through changes in practice were the availability of a strategic plan for scale-up and the way in which training and supervision was conducted. Furthermore, collaborations such as community participation and partnerships facilitated scale-up, as well as the availability of research and monitoring and evaluation data. Factors influencing scale-up through a change in culture were less prominent in the literature. While some studies articulated the acceptability of the intervention in a given sociocultural environment, more emphasis was placed on the importance of stakeholders feeling a need for a specific intervention to facilitate its scale-up. All identified factors should be taken into account when scaling up public health interventions in LMICs. The different factors are strongly interlinked, and most of them are related to one crucial first step: the development of a scale-up strategy before scaling up.

scholarly journals Global health in low-income and middle-income countries: a framework for action

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e899-e900
Author(s):  
Isaac Olufadewa ◽  
Miracle Adesina ◽  
Toluwase Ayorinde
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Factors critical to implementation success of cleaner cooking interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041821
Author(s):  
Esther A Boudewijns ◽  
Debbie Vermond ◽  
Rianne M J J van der Kleij ◽  
Niels H Chavannes ◽  
Onno C P van Schayck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Implementation Success ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Clean Fuels

IntroductionOver a third of the world’s population relies on solid fuels as their primary energy source. These fuels have damaging effects on health, air quality and forest resources. Interventions to promote access to cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and clean fuels have existed for decades. However, the adoption by local communities has largely failed, which led to a waste of resources and suboptimal outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this umbrella review is to identify factors that determine implementation success for cleaner cooking interventions in low-resource settings and weigh their level of confidence in the evidence.Methods and analysisWe identified systematic and narrative reviews examining factors that influence the acquisition, initial adoption or sustained use of cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and clean fuels at any scale by a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Global Health Database, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Emcare, Web of Science and CINAHL, without date or language restrictions. The search was conducted on 23 October 2017 and updated on 10 July 2019. Reviews based on qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods studies were included and will be appraised using the Meta Quality Appraisal Tool combined with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews. Data will be extracted and factors affecting implementation will be coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research tool will be used to determine the level of confidence in the coded factors. Two researchers will independently conduct these steps.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review does not require the approval of an ethical review board. Study results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal. The outcomes will be converted into two practical tools: one for cleaner solid fuel cookstoves and one for clean fuels. These tools can guide the development of evidence-based implementation strategies for cleaner cooking interventions in low-income and middle-income countries to improve implementation success. These tools should be pilot-tested and promoted among regional and global initiatives.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018088687.

Supporting and Sustaining Nonspecialists to Deliver Mental Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Umbrella Review

Intervention ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Mary Bunn ◽  
Nicole Gonzalez ◽  
Idan Falek ◽  
Stevan Weine ◽  
Mary Acri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Development and evaluation of complex multicomponent interventions in public health

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Rona Campbell ◽  
Chris Bonell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Multicomponent Interventions

This chapter examines the issues to consider when developing and evaluating complex public health interventions and signposts where more detailed guidance can be found. It starts by considering what complexity means in this context, including the contribution that systems theory has made. When developing complex interventions we suggest: (i) reading quantitative and qualitative research on similar interventions, preferably within systematic reviews; (ii) consulting stakeholders, including those that the intervention is intended to benefit, to help ensure its relevance, acceptability and ownership; (iii) considering using theory to inform the intervention design and hypotheses to assess in evaluations; (iv) assessing whether the intervention could operate at more than one level (from individual through to policy) to increase its chances of success; and (v) reflecting on issues of equity and how the intervention could reduce health inequalities.

Public Health Interventions for Asthma, An Umbrella Review, 1990–2010

SciVee ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdala Labre ◽  
PhD PhD ◽  
MPH MPH ◽  
Elizabeth Herman ◽  
MD MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Public Health Interventions
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