Aspects of the design protocol and the statistical methods for analysis of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide yields in cigarette smoke that can affect the measurement variability within collaborative studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Verron ◽  
M. Czechowicz ◽  
W.D. Heller ◽  
X. Cahours ◽  
S.W. Purkis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Design Protocol

scholarly journals The Use of Cryogenic Temperature Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide in Cigarette Smoke

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Morie ◽  
C.H. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Porapak Q ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

AbstractA gas chromatographic method for the determination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in cigarette smoke was developed. A column containing Porapak Q packing and a cryogenic temperature programmer which employed liquid nitrogen to cool the column to subambient temperatures was used. The separation of N

The effect of cigarette smoke, nicotine, and carbon monoxide on the permeability of the arterial wall

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Allen ◽  
N. L. Browse ◽  
D. L. Rutt ◽  
L. Butler ◽  
C. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Arterial Wall

Use of carbon monoxide breath validation in assessing exposure to cigarette smoke in a worksite population.

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry A. Lando ◽  
Paul G. McGovern ◽  
Steven H. Kelder ◽  
Robert W. Jeffery ◽  
Jean L. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cigarette Smoke

scholarly journals Composition of Cigarette Smoke: Effects of Ammonium Sulfamate in Cigarette Paper

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Michelson ◽  
G. Rathkamp
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ammonium Sulfamate ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
Nicotine Yield

AbstractTreatment of cigarette paper with ammonium sulfamate was found to cause changes in the composition of cigarette smoke, in the concentrations of components of both the gas and particulate phases. The concentrations of several polycyclic hydrocarbons were reduced by over 25 %, though benzo[a]pyrene was virtually unchanged. The concentrations of two nitrosamines were also reduced more than 25 %, while indole and skatole concentrations were reduced about 15 %. Among the gas phase components, acetaldehyde, acrolein and formaldehyde were reduced about 20 %; only carbon monoxide was moderately increased. Since these tests explored only small segments of the spectrum of cigarette smoke components, it is not known which of the observed reductions, if any, contributed to the reduction of biological activity of the smoke of treated cigarettes reported by Bock et al. (8). The tests indicate only that the nature of the smoke has been modified in several respects. The tar and nicotine yield of the treated cigarette was higher than that of the control cigarette, but this can be compensated for by reducing the diameter or length of tobacco rod available to be smoked

scholarly journals The Danger of Toxic Substances

10.14311/346 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Jokl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Air Filtration ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Sunny Weather

Toxic (harmful) gases enter building interiors partly from outdoors (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, smog and acid rains), partly originate indoors - as a result of human activity (carbon monoxide, tobacco smoke, nitrogen oxides, ozone, hydrocarbons) and also emanate from building materials (formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds). The human organism is most often exposed to cigarette smoke (especially nonsmokers are endangered, as cigarette smoke devastes the pulmonary and cardiovasculary system) and to smog entering from outdoors, paradoxically during sunny weather. Preventing toxic production is the most effective measure, e.g., by coaxing to coax smokers out of "civilized" areas, by using energy rationally (i.e., conserving energy), to turn to pure fuels and to increase energy production by non-combustion technologies. Besides ventilation and air filtration, the toxic gases can be removed to a remarkable extent by plants (by which decay the substances into nontoxic gases), and by air ionization. Review article.

scholarly journals Application of Cigeratte Filter from Algae Spyrogira peipingensis to Reduce Nicotine, Tar, and Carbon Monoxide

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Carbonyl Group ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Amino Acid Amide ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Bioremediation Agent

Algae Spirogyra peipingensis is a group of green algae from the order Zygnematales. Spirogyra algae serves as a bioremediation agent. In addition Spirogyra algae has great potential in reducing toxin levels in cigarette smoke. Because the biomass of alga Spirogyra has an irregular shaped surface texture and consists of amino acid, amide, carboxylic, hydroxyl, and carbonyl group that can bind various heavy metals and other harmful compounds. Alga Spirogyra peipingensis samples used are algae from Bone, South Sulawesi. Prior to the trial, the first pretreatment and processed to become powder. Algae powder was then applied to cigarette filters and tested on several respondents. Results showed that there was a significant decrease  tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in cigarette smoke by using Spirogyra peipingensis algae but the most significant decrease of carbon monoxide, while tar and nicotine decreased even though not as high as carbon monoxide. 

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