Correlation of objective chemical measurements and subjective sensory evaluations. wines of vitis vinifera variety 'pinot noir' from france and the united states

1980 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing-On Kwan ◽  
B.R. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Sensory Evaluations

scholarly journals First Report of Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 and Hop stunt viroid in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in New Zealand

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Ward ◽  
G. M. Burnip ◽  
L. W. Liefting ◽  
S. J. Harper ◽  
G. R. G. Clover
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Report ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Blastn Analysis

In February 2009, grapevines (Vitis vinifera) in a commercial vineyard in Auckland were showing shortened, spindly canes with tiny leaves. Approximately 10% of the vines were affected. An RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) was used to isolate total RNA from leaves collected from six symptomatic (cvs. BAC0022A and Syrah) and eight symptomless vines (cvs. BAC0022A, Syrah, and Chardonnay). RNA was tested by reverse transcription-PCR for the presence of Australian grapevine viroid, Citrus exocortis viroid, Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (GYSVd-1), Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2, and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Four of the six symptomatic and all the symptomless vines tested positive for GYSVd-1 using primers 5′-TGTGGTTCCTGTGGTTTCAC-3′ and 5′-ACCACAAGCAAGAAGATCCG-3′, which amplify the complete genome (368 bp), and published primers PBCVd100C/194H (3), which amplify a 220-bp region of the genome. Amplicons from each PCR were transformed into a pCR 4-TOPO vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), cloned, and sequenced. Sequence from both PCRs aligned identically to generate a consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ447056), which showed 99% nt identity to GYSVd-1 (GenBank No. X87906) by BLASTN analysis. All symptomatic and symptomless vines also tested positive for HSVd using primers C/H-HSVd (4) and HSVd-C60/H79 (1), which amplify the complete genome (298 bp). Amplicons from each isolate were cloned and sequenced. Sequence from both PCRs were aligned. Clones from all isolates, with the exception of one, aligned identically to create a consensus sequence (GenBank No. HQ447057) that showed 99% nt identity to Chinese HSVd isolates from grapevine (GenBank Nos. DQ371436–59) by BLASTN analysis. Sequence from the remaining isolate (GenBank No. HQ447056) was identical to a German Riesling grape isolate of HSVd (GenBank No. X06873). The presence of each viroid was further confirmed in PCR-positive plants by dot-blot hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled synthetic ssRNA probes specific to the full-length genomes of GYSVd-1 and HSVd (S. Harper and L. Ward, unpublished data). To our knowledge, this is the first report of GYSVd-1 and HSVd in V. vinifera in New Zealand. Since both viroids were detected in symptomatic and symptomless plants, the symptoms observed in the vineyard cannot be attributed to viroid infection. Symptoms described for GYSVd-1 include leaf spots and flecks, but no disease symptoms have been reported in grapes as a result of HSVd (2). Viruses found in the vines include Grapevine leaf roll virus-3, Grapevine viruses A and B, and Rupestris stem pitting associated virus, but these are not thought to be the cause of the symptoms. Two sequence types of HSVd were found, suggesting at least two separate introductions of HSVd into the vineyard. The vineyard is more than 40 years old so both viroids may have been present for some years. Export of wine from New Zealand was worth 1 billion dollars in 2009, so there is potential for these viroids to have an economic impact if symptoms are expressed. HSVd has been reported from China, Europe, Japan, Middle East, Pakistan, and the United States. GYSVd-1 has been reported from Australia, China, East Mediterranean, Europe, Japan, and the United States. References: (1) A. Hadidi et al. Acta Hortic. 309:339, 1992. (2) A. Hadidi et al., eds. Viroids. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, 2003. (3) R. Nakaune and M. Nakano. J. Virol. Methods 134:244, 2006. (4) A. M. Shamoul et al. J. Virol. Methods 105:115, 2002.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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