Social phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs

A recent cognitive model of social phobia which pays particular attention to the maintenance of the disorder is outlined. Within this model self-focused attention, safety behaviors, and selective retrieval strategies interact to prevent social phobics from disconfirming their negative beliefs about the way they appear to others. The model suggests specific clinical interventions which target each of the maintaining factors and which also address key interpersonal assumptions particular to this disorder. The successful 12-session cognitive application of this model to a 30-year-old woman with a 13-year history of the problem is described.

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An experimental test of the role of appearance-related safety behaviors in body dysmorphic disorder, social anxiety, and body dissatisfaction.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/abn0000387 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 (8) ◽

pp. 770-780 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Berta J. Summers ◽

Jesse R. Cougle

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Experimental Test ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Safety Behaviors

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The role of somatosensory stimulation in social phobia—An analysis of hand coordination in patients and therapeutic dyads during psychodynamic psychotherapy

Counselling and Psychotherapy Research ◽

10.1002/capr.12474 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katharina C. H. Reinecke ◽

Niklas D. Neumann ◽

Peter Joraschky ◽

Hedda Lausberg

Keyword(s):

Social Phobia ◽

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽

Somatosensory Stimulation ◽

Hand Coordination

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THE ROLE OF MEMORY PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL PHOBIA: IMMEDIATE AND DELAYED MEMORIES FOR ROLE-PLAYED SITUATIONS

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465802004034 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 415-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Meredith E. Coles ◽

Cynthia L. Turk ◽

Richard G. Heimberg

Keyword(s):

Social Phobia ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Behavioral Models ◽

Social Situations ◽

Time Points ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Models ◽

Multiple Time Points ◽

Memory Perspective ◽

Field Perspective

Cognitive-behavioral models (Clark & Wells, 1995; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) and recent research suggest that individuals with social phobia (SP) experience both images (Hackmann, Surawy, & Clark, 1998) and memories (Coles, Turk, Heimberg, & Fresco, 2001; Wells, Clark, & Ahmad, 1998) of anxiety-producing social situations from an observer perspective. The current study examines memory perspective for two role-played situations (speech and social interaction) at multiple time points (immediate and 3 weeks post) in 22 individuals with generalized SP and 30 non-anxious controls (NACs). At both time points, SPs recalled the role-plays from a more observer/less field perspective than did NACs. Further, over time, the memory perspective of SPs became even more observer/less field while the memory perspective of NAC remained relatively stable.

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Role of Safety Stressors on Proactive and Prosocial Safety Behaviors

Construction Research Congress 2020 ◽

10.1061/9780784482872.023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lipeng Fu ◽

Xueqing Wang ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Yadong Zhao

Keyword(s):

Safety Behaviors

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The role of parental psychopathology and family environment for social phobia in the first three decades of life

Depression and Anxiety ◽

10.1002/da.20527 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 363-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Susanne Knappe ◽

Roselind Lieb ◽

Katja Beesdo ◽

Lydia Fehm ◽

Nancy Chooi Ping Low ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Phobia ◽

Family Environment ◽

Parental Psychopathology

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The role of mental disorders in the risk and speed of transition to alcohol use disorders among community youth

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291710001418 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1073-1085 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S. Behrendt ◽

K. Beesdo-Baum ◽

P. Zimmermann ◽

M. Höfler ◽

A. Perkonigg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Externalizing Disorders ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Rapid Transition ◽

Dsm Iv

BackgroundAmong adolescents and young adults with DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are inter-individual differences in the speed of transition from initial alcohol use (AU) to AUD. AUDs are highly co-morbid with other mental disorders. The factors associated with rapid transition from first AU to AUD remain unknown and the role of mental disorders in rapid transitions is unclear. Given this background we examined (1) whether prior anxiety, mood, externalizing and non-alcohol substance use disorders are related to the risk and speed of transition from first AU to DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) whether early age of onset of prior mental disorders (PMDs) is a promoter of rapid transition.MethodA total of 3021 community subjects (97.7% lifetime AU) aged 14–24 years at baseline were followed up prospectively for up to 10 years. AU and mental disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI.ResultsAmong subjects with lifetime AU, several PMDs, such as specific phobia, bipolar disorder and nicotine dependence, were associated with an increased risk of AUD independent of externalizing disorders. Associations of PMDs with the speed of transition to AUDs were mostly weak and inconsistent. Only social phobia and externalizing disorders were associated with faster transitions to AD even after adjustment for other PMDs. Earlier age of onset of PMD was not associated with rapid transition.ConclusionsMental disorders are associated with the risk of AUD. With the possible exception of social phobia and externalizing disorders, they do not promote rapid transition, even if they occur particularly early. Future research needs to identify factors relevant to rapid transition to AUD.

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Recent developments in the psychopharmacology of social phobia

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/s0924270800033822 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 76-82

Author(s):

Den J.A. Boer ◽

I.M. Van Vliet ◽

H.G.M. Westenberg

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Research Effort ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Social Avoidance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Serotonergic Drugs

SummaryThe last two decades have witnessed an upsurge in the interest in anxiety disorders. Much research effort has been dedicated to panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. However, it is only very recently that we have begun to understand some of the basic principles about the psychopharmacology of social phobia. Drug classes so far studied include beta-blockers, non-selective and irreversible MAO-inhibitors (MAOI's) and benzodiazepinen. Beta-blockers appear to be of use in specific social phobias, like public speaking. There is considerable evidence suggesting that MAOI's are effective in reducing both social anxiety as well as social avoidance. A disadvantage of the conventional irreversible MAOI's is their risk for hypertensive crises when combined with dietary tyramine.So far only a small number of studies with selective MAOI-A inhibitors such as moclobemide and brofaromine have been conducted in social phobia, and the results indicate that both compounds are effective.Drugs exerting selective and specific actions on certain components of e.g. the serotonergic system can now be studied and it is hoped that the role of serotonin and other neuronal systems in social phobia can be elucidated.In order to gain more information about selective serotonergic drugs the first double blind placebo-controlled study with fluvoxamine in social phobia is here reported. Preliminary results indicate a reduction of social anxiety.Finally the role of peptides in the treatment of social phobia is critically reviewed. The MSH/ACTH analog Org 2766 was investigated in patients suffering from social phobia. No anxiolytic effects of this peptide could be observed.

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