Intrusive cognitions, coping strategies and emotional responses in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and a non-clinical population

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Reynolds ◽  
Chris R. Brewin
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Intrusive Cognitions

Neural Circuits for Context Processing in Aversive Learning and Memory

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Maren
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Context Processing ◽  
Post Traumatic

The nature and properties of emotional expression depend importantly on not only the stimuli that elicit emotional responses, but also the context in which those stimuli are experienced. Deficits in context processing have been associated with a variety of cognitive-emotional disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These deficits can be localized to specific neural circuits underlying context processing in the mammalian brain. In particular, the hippocampus has been implicated through numerous animal and human studies to be involved both in normal contextual memory formation, but also in discrimination of trauma-related cues. Decreased hippocampal functioning, as is observed in PTSD, is associated with increased generalization of fear and threat responses as well as deficits in extinction of fear. Understanding context processing offers the opportunity to further understand the biology of PTSD and to target new approaches to therapeutics.

scholarly journals Using the Kübler-Ross Model of Grief with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): An Analysis of Manchester by the Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rong-Rong Wang ◽  
Ya-huei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Loved One ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Positive State

<p class="AbstractText">People may encounter different stages of grief during the course of bereavement, and not everyone can achieve a positive state of mind. This study intended to analyze how the characters in <em>Manchester by the Sea</em>, mainly Lee Chandler, Patrick Chandler, and Randi, manage their emotional responses when they are facing the loss of a loved one. The study used Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s five-stage model of grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to analyze how these characters transition through their grief and whether they are likely to suffer from mental illness. Some people, like Randi and Patrick in the film, may recover from bereavement; however, some people, like Lee, may not, eventually becoming afflicted with mental illness or PTSD.</p>

scholarly journals Direct and Inverse Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among School-Age Autistic Boys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5285
Author(s):  
Vicki Bitsika ◽  
Christopher F. Sharpley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Young People ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Young people with autism are often bullied at school, a potential direct correlate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This may be compounded by their difficulties in social interaction. Alternately, some of these young people may develop ‘coping strategies’ against bullying that may have an inverse association with PTSD. As a vulnerable population for PTSD, a sample of 71 young males with autism were surveyed for their self-reported experiences of being bullied at school, their coping strategies for dealing with this bullying, and their own evaluations of the severity of two of the key diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Their mothers also provided a rating of the severity of the three major diagnostic criteria for autism for these boys. Over 80% of this sample had been bullied, and there was a significant direct correlation between this and PTSD score, and between their mother-rated severity of the boys’ social interaction difficulties, but also a significant inverse correlation between their coping strategies and PTSD score. There were differences in these relationships according to whether the boys attended elementary or secondary school. These findings hold implications for the identification, assessment and support of autistic youth at risk of PTSD.

scholarly journals Olfactory identification dysfunction, aggression and impulsivity in war veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dileo ◽  
W. J. Brewer ◽  
M. Hopwood ◽  
V. Anderson ◽  
M. Creamer
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Olfactory Identification ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundDue to neuropsychological conceptualizations of orbitoprefrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction underpinning impulsive aggression and the incidence of such behaviour in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study aimed to explore olfactory identification (OI) ability in war veterans with PTSD as a probe of putative OFC dysfunction; and to explore the utility of OI ability in predicting aggressive and impulsive behavior in this clinical population.MethodParticipants comprised 31 out-patient male war veterans with PTSD (mean=58.23 years, s.d.=2.56) recruited from a Melbourne Veterans Psychiatry Unit, and 31 healthy age- and gender-matched controls (mean=56.84 years, s.d.=7.24). All participants were assessed on clinical measures of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse; olfactory identification; neurocognitive measures of dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral prefrontal and mesial temporal functioning; and self-report measures of aggression and impulsivity.ResultsWar veterans with PTSD exhibited significant OI deficits (OIDs) compared to controls, despite uncompromised performance on cognitive measures. OIDs remained after covaring for IQ, anxiety, depression and alcohol misuse, and were significant predictors of aggression and impulsivity.ConclusionsThis research contributes to emerging evidence of orbitoprefrontal dysfunction in the pathophysiology underlying PTSD. This is the first study to report OIDs as a predictor of aggression and impulsivity in this clinical population. It prompts further exploration of the potential diagnostic utility of OIDs in the assessment of PTSD. Such measures may help delineate the clinical complexity of PTSD, and support more targeted interventions for individuals with a greater susceptibility to aggressive and impulsive behaviors.

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