Effect of meal size and test duration on gastric emptying as determined by breath test in normal subjects using a muffin meal labeled with 13C-sodium octanoate

Abstract Context Both gastric emptying and the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are major determinants of postprandial glycemia in health and type 2 diabetes (T2D). GLP-1 secretion after a meal is dependent on the entry of nutrients into the small intestine, which, in turn, slows gastric emptying. Objective To define the relationship between gastric emptying and the GLP-1 response to both oral and small intestinal nutrients in subjects with and without T2D. Design We evaluated: (i) the relationship between gastric emptying (breath test) and postprandial GLP-1 levels after a mashed potato meal in 73 T2D subjects; (ii) inter-individual variations in GLP-1 response to (a) intraduodenal glucose (4kcal/min) during euglycemia and hyperglycemia in 11 healthy, and 12 T2D, subjects, (b) intraduodenal fat (2kcal/min) in 15 T2D subjects, and (c) intraduodenal protein (3kcal/min) in 10 healthy subjects; and (iii) the relationship between gastric emptying (breath test) of 75g oral glucose and the GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose (4kcal/min) in 21 subjects (9 healthy, 12 T2D). Results The GLP-1 response to the mashed potato meal was unrelated to the gastric half-emptying time (T50). The GLP-1 responses to intraduodenal glucose, fat and protein varied substantially between individuals, but intra-individual variation to glucose was modest. The T50 of oral glucose was related directly to the GLP-1 response to intraduodenal glucose (r=0.65, P=0.002). Conclusions In a given individual, gastric emptying is not a determinant of the postprandial GLP-1 response. However, the intrinsic gastric emptying rate is determined in part by the responsiveness of GLP-1 to intestinal nutrients.

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Effects of dietary supplementation with glucose on gastric emptying of glucose and fructose and oral glucose tolerance in normal subjects

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/0016-5085(95)26776-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. A616

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Tolerance

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Gastric emptying of oil and aqueous meal components in pancreatic insufficiency: effects of posture and on appetite

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.6.g925 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (6) ◽

pp. G925-G932 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. I. Carney ◽

K. L. Jones ◽

M. Horowitz ◽

W. M. Sun ◽

R. Penagini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽

Exocrine Insufficiency ◽

Left Lateral Decubitus Position ◽

Before And After ◽

Pancreatic Exocrine ◽

Lateral Decubitus

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of posture on gastric emptying, intragastric distribution, and satiation after a meal containing oil and aqueous phases in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Five patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) consumed 60 ml 99mTc-labeled (V)-thiocyanate olive oil and 290 ml 113mIn-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid soup while sitting and while lying in the left lateral decubitus position. Hunger and fullness before and after the meal were recorded. Results were compared with those obtained in 11 normal volunteers. In both postures emptying of oil was faster (P < 0.01) in CF patients. Emptying of the aqueous phase was faster (P < 0.01) in CF patients in the decubitus position. In normal subjects there was no overall difference in emptying of oil between the two postures, whereas emptying of the aqueous phase was delayed (P < 0.01) in the decubitus position. In CF patients emptying of oil was faster (P < 0.01) in the decubitus position, and emptying of the aqueous phase was only slightly faster (P < 0.05) in the sitting position. For both postures there was greater retention (P < 0.05) of oil in the proximal stomach in normal subjects than CF patients. Hunger decreased (P < 0.05) after the meal in the control subjects, but there was no change in CF patients. These results indicate that in CF patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency 1) gastric emptying of nonhomogenized fat is faster than normal, 2) gravity affects gastric emptying of oil, and 3) effects of a fatty meal on hunger are reduced.

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