A COMPARISON OF AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON CANCER PATHOLOGIC STAGE T2a VERSUS T2b UROTHELIAL CANCER: ANALYSIS OF PATIENT OUTCOMES IN ORGAN CONFINED BLADDER CANCER

There have been critical problems in the non-surgical treatment for bladder cancer, especially residence to intravesical pharmacotherapy, including BCG immunotherapy, cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Recent preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested a vital role of sex steroid hormone-mediated signaling in the progression of urothelial cancer. Moreover, activation of the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor pathways has been implicated in modulating sensitivity to conventional non-surgical therapy for bladder cancer. This may indicate the possibility of anti-androgenic and anti-estrogenic drugs, apart from their direct anti-tumor activity, to function as sensitizers of such conventional treatment. This article summarizes available data suggesting the involvement of sex hormone receptors, such as androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-α, and estrogen receptor-β, in the progression of urothelial cancer, focusing on their modulation for the efficacy of conventional therapy, and discusses their potential of overcoming therapeutic resistance.

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Factors Associated With Clinical-Pathologic Stage Discrepancy in Bladder Cancer Patients Treated With Radical Cystectomy: Implications for Treatment Selection and Comparative Studies

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics ◽

10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.212 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. S120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.J. Gray ◽

S.A. Fedewa ◽

W.U. Shipley ◽

K.S. Virgo ◽

A.L. Zietman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Radical Cystectomy ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Treatment Selection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Pathologic Stage

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Lymph node density vs. the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM nodal staging system in node-positive bladder cancer in patients undergoing extended or super-extended pelvic lymphadenectomy

Urologic Oncology Seminars and Original Investigations ◽

10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.06.021 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 151.e1-151.e7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Donghyun Lee ◽

Sangjun Yoo ◽

Dalsan You ◽

Bumsik Hong ◽

Yong Mee Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Staging System ◽

Pelvic Lymphadenectomy ◽

Nodal Staging ◽

Node Density ◽

Lymph Node Density ◽

Node Positive ◽

American Joint Committee

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Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy in bladder cancer: biological opportunity or clinical utility?

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/03008916211061604 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030089162110616

Author(s):

Fausto Petrelli ◽

Gianluca Perego ◽

Ivano Vavassori ◽

Andrea Luciani

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Urothelial Cancer ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Cancer Of The Bladder ◽

Muscle Invasive

In urothelial cancer of the bladder, the introduction of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents progress in the management of the disease’s early and advanced stages. In particular, recent studies have implemented these drugs in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant phases to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In some studies, patients received neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors alone (PURE and ABACUS) to treat muscle invasive bladder cancer, whereas other studies provided this therapy to cisplatin-ineligible patients. Furthermore, a large Phase III study (CheckMate 247) compared placebo with adjuvant nivolumab therapy in patients with high-risk urothelial cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery or surgery alone. Despite some uncertain niches (nonbladder, PD-L1-negative tumors, and node-negative resected cancers), certain biological opportunities (exploring new targets, evaluating in vivo pathologic response, focusing on biomarkers for response) and clinical uses (avoiding chemotherapy at all or in frail patients, attaining similar pathologic complete response rates as in cisplatin-based chemotherapy) are valid reasons for incorporating these agents into the therapeutic armamentarium of medical uro-oncologists.

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