CESAREAN SECTION DELAYS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE WHEN COMPARED TO SPONTANEOUS VAGINAL DELIVERY IN LYSYL OXIDASE LIKE-1 KNOCKOUT (LOXL1 KO) MICE

Abstract Introduction and hypothesis We aimed to summarize the knowledge on the pathogenesis of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) generated in animal models. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and the Web of Science to establish what animal models are used in the study of suggested risk factors for the development of POP, including pregnancy, labor, delivery, parity, aging and menopause. Lack of methodologic uniformity precluded meta-analysis; hence, results are presented as a narrative review. Results A total of 7426 studies were identified, of which 51 were included in the analysis. Pregnancy has a measurable and consistent effect across species. In rats, simulated vaginal delivery induces structural changes in the pelvic floor, without complete recovery of the vaginal muscular layer and its microvasculature, though it does not induce POP. In sheep, first vaginal delivery has a measurable effect on vaginal compliance; measured effects of additional deliveries are inconsistent. Squirrel monkeys can develop POP. Denervation of their levator ani muscle facilitates this process in animals that delivered vaginally. The models used do not develop spontaneous menopause, so it is induced by ovariectomy. Effects of menopause depend on the age at ovariectomy and the interval to measurement. In several species menopause is associated with an increase in collagen content in the longer term. In rodents there were no measurable effects of age apart of elastin changes. We found no usable data for other species. Conclusion In several species there are measurable effects of pregnancy, delivery and iatrogenic menopause. Squirrel monkeys can develop spontaneous prolapse.

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Elastin homeostasis is altered with pelvic organ prolapse in cultures of vaginal cells from a lysyl oxidase‐like 1 knockout mouse model

Physiological Reports ◽

10.14814/phy2.14436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Slater A. Jameson ◽

Ganesh Swaminathan ◽

Shataakshi Dahal ◽

Bruna Couri ◽

Mei Kuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Knockout Mouse ◽

Lysyl Oxidase ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Knockout Mouse Model

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Association between mode of delivery and postpartum depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867420954284 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 000486742095428

Author(s):

Lei Sun ◽

Su Wang ◽

Xi-Qian Li

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Cesarean Section ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽

Emergency Cesarean Section ◽

Emergency Cesarean

Background: Postpartum depression is one of the most common postpartum diseases, which has an important impact on the interaction between mother, infant, partner and family, as well as the long-term emotional and cognitive development of infants. However, there are still great disagreements on whether the delivery mode will affect the risk of postpartum depression. The purpose of this study is to explore whether the mode of delivery will affect the risk of postpartum depression through the comprehensive network meta-analysis of elective cesarean section, emergency cesarean section, instrumental vaginal delivery and spontaneous vaginal delivery. Methods: We searched in three electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Results: This paper included 43 studies with a total sample size of 1,827,456 participants. Direct meta-analysis showed that the odds ratio of postpartum depression risk was 1.33 (95% confidence interval = [1.21, 1.46]) between cesarean section and vaginal delivery. The odds ratios of high Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in the three postpartum periods (within 2 weeks, within half a year and over half a year) were basically the same. There was no difference between cesarean section and vaginal delivery in the risk of severe postpartum depression at the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale cut-off point ⩾13 (odds ratio = 1.07; 95% confidence interval = [0.99, 1.16]). Network meta-analysis showed that the risk of postpartum depression in the pairwise comparisons emergency cesarean section vs spontaneous vaginal delivery and elective cesarean section vs spontaneous vaginal delivery was odds ratio = 1.53 (95% confidence interval = [1.22, 1.91]) and 1.47 (95% confidence interval = [1.16, 1.86]). Conclusion: The mode of delivery has a significant effect on the occurrence of mild postpartum depression. Women who give birth by cesarean section, especially who give birth by emergency cesarean section, are at a higher risk of mild postpartum depression. We should carefully monitor the progress of postpartum mental disorders in women who delivered by cesarean section and make it possible for women to have a quick access to mental healthcare.

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Comment on “Impact of Mode of Delivery on Female Postpartum Sexual Functioning: Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery and Operative Vaginal Delivery vs Cesarean Section”

Journal of Sexual Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.373 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1142-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio Simone Laganà ◽

Alessio Platania ◽

Salvatore Butticè ◽

Salvatore Giovanni Vitale

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Sexual Functioning ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽

Operative Vaginal Delivery

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Alterations in the Umbilical Cord Blood NK Cells Related to the Mode and the Time of Delivery.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v106.11.3926.3926 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 106 (11) ◽

pp. 3926-3926 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Królak-Olejnik ◽

Igor Olejnik

Keyword(s):

Cesarean Section ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Natural Killer ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Epidural Anesthesia ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Full Term ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells take part in the early immunological response to infection. Their lower cytotoxic activity in the neonates, especially premature ones, compared to children and adults, is assumed to be one of the factors responsible for high susceptibility to infections. Moreover, alterations in every components of immune response during anesthesia and surgery have been suggested. The numbers of natural killer cells are decreased postoperatively. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the mode and time of delivery on the number of leukocytes, number and percentage of lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. The NK cells were examined by the three-color flow cytometry with the use of monoclonal antibodies of Becton Dickinson in the following study groups: (1) full-term neonates born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (n=19); (2) preterm neonates born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (n=15); (3) full-term neonates born by elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia (n=23); (4) preterm neonates born by cesarean section under epidural anesthesia (n=22). The number of leukocytes was similar in all examined neonates. The numbers of leukocytes were lower albeit not significantly in preterm neonates born by cesarean section. The numbers of lymphocytes were also similar in all examined neonates but the percentage of lymphocytes was higher in the preterm neonates than in the full-term ones (p<0,05). The number and percentage of natural killer (NK) cells were higher in the neonates born by normal spontaneous vaginal delivery both full-term and preterm ones. The significant lowest value of NK cells was in the preterm neonates born by cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. These results suggest that either mode of delivery or time of delivery might influence the NK cell numbers in the umbilical cord blood of the neonates.

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Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery after Sacrohysteropexy

Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2015/305107 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deniz Balsak ◽

Ahmet Eser ◽

Onur Erol ◽

Derya Deniz Altıntaş ◽

Şerif Aksin

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Organ Prolapse ◽

Vaginal Delivery ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Pelvic Organ ◽

Vaginal Birth ◽

Pop Surgery ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Pregnancy And Birth

Pregnancy and birth after a Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) surgery is a rare condition and less is known about the method for delivery. A 31-year-old women with gravida 3 para 3 underwent abdominal sacrohysteropexy and transobturatuar tape (TOT) procedures for stage III prolapse who delivered via vaginal birth and showed no relapse. Sacrohysteropexy is a good option for women with POP who desire fertility with a long term follow-up period.

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