Far field effects of Alpine plate tectonism in the Iberian microplate recorded by fault-related denudation in the Spanish Central System

For renewable wave energy to operate at grid scale, large arrays of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) need to be deployed in the ocean. Due to the hydrodynamic interactions between the individual WECs of an array, the overall power absorption and surrounding wave field will be affected, both close to the WECs (near field effects) and at large distances from their location (far field effects). Therefore, it is essential to model both the near field and far field effects of WEC arrays. It is difficult, however, to model both effects using a single numerical model that offers the desired accuracy at a reasonable computational time. The objective of this paper is to present a generic coupling methodology that will allow to model both effects accurately. The presented coupling methodology is exemplified using the mild slope wave propagation model MILDwave and the Boundary Elements Methods (BEM) solver NEMOH. NEMOH is used to model the near field effects while MILDwave is used to model the WEC array far field effects. The information between the two models is transferred using a one-way coupling. The results of the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model are compared to the results from using only NEMOH for various test cases in uniform water depth. Additionally, the NEMOH-MILDwave coupled model is validated against available experimental wave data for a 9-WEC array. The coupling methodology proves to be a reliable numerical tool as the results demonstrate a difference between the numerical simulations results smaller than 5% and between the numerical simulations results and the experimental data ranging from 3% to 11%. The simulations are subsequently extended for a varying bathymetry, which will affect the far field effects. As a result, our coupled model proves to be a suitable numerical tool for simulating far field effects of WEC arrays for regular and irregular waves over a varying bathymetry.

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Chapter 16. Long Term Trends in Far-Field Effects of Marine Radioactivity Measured Around Northern Ireland

Environmental Radiochemical Analysis V - Special Publications ◽

10.1039/9781782622734-00134 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 134-143

Author(s):

V. E. Ly ◽

S. M. Cogan ◽

W. C. Camplin ◽

L. Peake ◽

K. S. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Far Field ◽

Field Effects ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Marine Radioactivity

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A fluid-inclusion study and genetic model of wolframite-bearing quartz veins, Garganta de los Montes, Spanish Central System

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.1990.054.375.12 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 54 (375) ◽

pp. 267-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. Ouilez ◽

J. Sierra ◽

E. Vindel

Keyword(s):

Genetic Model ◽

Fluid Inclusion Study ◽

Central System ◽

Quartz Veins ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Third Stage ◽

Inclusion Study ◽

Moderate Salinity ◽

Spanish Central System

AbstractWolframite-bearing quartz veins from Garganta de los Montes, Madrid province, are hosted by banded gneisses that have undergone intense migmatization processes. The ore deposit is closely related to the La Cabrera granitic batholith. The veins strike 075° and dip 75°S. The mineral association includes wolframite, quartz and minor amounts of scheelite and sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, stannite and marcasite). The fluid phases associated with quartz from the vein margin (early barren quartz) and from the vein centre (late wolframite-bearing quartz) have been studied using microthermometry, scanning electron microscopy and crushing test analyses. Four hydrothermal stages have been distinguished.The earliest fluids, only recognized in the barren quartz, contain brine, daughter phase (halite) and trapped minerals. The second hydrothermal stage is characterized by complex carbonic-aqueous inclusions of low salinity (3 to 7 wt.% eq. NaC1) and low density (0.4 to 0.7 g.cm−3). They mainly homogenize into liquid between 300 and 420°C. The third stage is represented by low to moderate salinity inclusions (<9 wt. % eq. NaCl) of moderate density (0.8 to 0.96 g.cm−3), homogenizing between 120° and 330°C. The latest fluids correspond to aqueous solutions of higher salinities (H2O-NaCl, with Ca2+ and Mg2+) and densities (>1 g.cm−3), with TH ranging between 50 and 130°C. The role of the complex-carbonic aqueous fluids in the transport and precipitation of tungsten is highlighted.

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Detachment faulting and late Paleozoic epithermal Ag-base-metal mineralization in the Spanish central system

Geology ◽

10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0800:dfalpe>2.3.co;2 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 800 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Miguel Doblas ◽

Roberto Oyarzun ◽

Rosario Lunar ◽

Nicolas Mayor ◽

Jesus Martinez

Keyword(s):

Base Metal ◽

Late Paleozoic ◽

Central System ◽

Spanish Central System ◽

Detachment Faulting ◽

Base Metal Mineralization

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A U‐Pb Study of Zircons from a Lower Crustal Granulite Xenolith of the Spanish Central System: A Record of Iberian Lithospheric Evolution from the Neoproterozoic to the Triassic

The Journal of Geology ◽

10.1086/504180 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 471-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Javier Fernández‐Suárez ◽

Ricardo Arenas ◽

Teresa E. Jeffries ◽

Martin J. Whitehouse ◽

Carlos Villaseca

Keyword(s):

Central System ◽

Granulite Xenolith ◽

System A ◽

Spanish Central System ◽

Lower Crustal ◽

Lithospheric Evolution

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The thermal state and strength of the lithosphere in the Spanish Central System and Tajo Basin from crustal heat production and thermal isostasy

Journal of Geodynamics ◽

10.1016/j.jog.2012.01.005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 29-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Alberto Jiménez-Díaz ◽

Javier Ruiz ◽

Carlos Villaseca ◽

Rosa Tejero ◽

Ramón Capote

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

Thermal State ◽

Central System ◽

Spanish Central System

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Irregular Wave Validation of a Coupling Methodology for Numerical Modelling of Near and Far Field Effects of Wave Energy Converter Arrays

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12030538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 538 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gael Fernández ◽

Vasiliki Stratigaki ◽

Peter Troch

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Wave Field ◽

Wave Energy ◽

Near Field ◽

Coupled Model ◽

Propagation Model ◽

Irregular Waves ◽

Far Field ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Field Effects

Between the Wave Energy Converters (WECs) of a farm, hydrodynamic interactions occur and have an impact on the surrounding wave field, both close to the WECs (“near field” effects) and at large distances from their location (“far field” effects). To simulate this “far field” impact in a fast and accurate way, a generic coupling methodology between hydrodynamic models has been developed by the Coastal Engineering Research Group of Ghent University in Belgium. This coupling methodology has been widely used for regular waves. However, it has not been developed yet for realistic irregular sea states. The objective of this paper is to present a validation of the novel coupling methodology for the test case of irregular waves, which is demonstrated here for coupling between the mild slope wave propagation model, MILDwave, and the ‘Boundary Element Method’-based wave–structure interaction solver, NEMOH. MILDwave is used to model WEC farm “far field” effects, while NEMOH is used to model “near field” effects. The results of the MILDwave-NEMOH coupled model are validated against numerical results from NEMOH, and against the WECwakes experimental data for a single WEC, and for WEC arrays of five and nine WECs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between disturbance coefficient (Kd) values in the entire numerical domain ( R M S E K d , D ) are used for evaluating the performed validation. The R M S E K d , D between results from the MILDwave-NEMOH coupled model and NEMOH is lower than 2.0% for the performed test cases, and between the MILDwave-NEMOH coupled model and the WECwakes experimental data R M S E K d , D remains below 10%. Consequently, the efficiency is demonstrated of the coupling methodology validated here which is used to simulate WEC farm impact on the wave field under the action of irregular waves.

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