The genetic consequence of hatchery-rearing on life-history traits of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar L.): a comparative analysis of sea-ranched salmon with wild and reared parents

Abstract The orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is one of the most important commercially exploited fish species in the Arabian Gulf. Studies to establish the basic biological knowledge necessary for sustainable exploitation are few and of limited spatial extent. We carry out a comparative analysis of life history traits of this sequential hermaphrodite and of trends of abundance in coral reefs, northern vs. southern Gulf. We found remarkable differences in sex proportion by length and age, rates of somatic growth, size at maturity and production of gonadic biomass, and no differences in the age composition, mode of growth, timing and duration of spawning, natural mortality rate, and trends of abundance. In the northern Gulf, the reproductive tactics could be diandric protogyny or protandric because males disappear at higher size and later age. In the southern Gulf, the strategy is protogyny, with full predominance of females in early life and full predominance of males in late life. In the northern Gulf, the orange-spotted grouper could exhibit bidirectional sex change. We suggest that fisheries policies should be versatile, consisting of regional-wide as well as local management measures, to account for local differences and regional-wide commonalities in life history traits and trends of abundance.

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Comparative Analysis of Anti-predator Behaviour and Life History Traits of the Tadpoles Exposed to Predation Risk and Corticosterone

Proceedings of the Zoological Society ◽

10.1007/s12595-019-00320-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 220-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samadhan Phuge ◽

Sandip Tapkir ◽

Vikas Bhand ◽

Gurmeet Kour ◽

Radhakrishna Pandit

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Predation Risk ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Predator Behaviour

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A framework for understanding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/d98-007 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 55 (S1) ◽

pp. 48-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Elizabeth A Marschall ◽

Thomas P Quinn ◽

Derek A Roff ◽

Jeffrey A Hutchings ◽

Neil B Metcalfe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Individual Life ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

Large Size ◽

The Family ◽

Long Time

We took a hierarchical approach to understanding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life history patterns by first comparing salmonids to other teleosts, next comparing Atlantic salmon to other salmonids, and finally, mapping correlations among individual life history traits within Atlantic salmon. The combination of anadromy, large eggs, nest construction and egg burial by females, and large size at maturity differentiates salmonids from most other teleosts. Within the family Salmonidae, there is considerable variation in all traits but Atlantic salmon are generally in the middle of the range. Within Atlantic salmon, we were able to map correlations among individual life history traits, but we found that we still lacked an understanding comprehensive and quantitative enough to allow us to predict how the entire life history should respond to environmental changes. Thus, we proposed several general courses of action: (i) use models to synthesize complex patterns and relationships, (ii) collect long time series of data in individual systems, and (iii) design experiments to assess phenotypic plasticity and how environmental influences differ from genetic effects and constraints.

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Genetic architecture of age at maturity can generate divergent and disruptive harvest-induced evolution

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2016.0035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 372 (1712) ◽

pp. 20160035 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anna Kuparinen ◽

Jeffrey A. Hutchings

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Single Locus ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Age At Maturity ◽

Sexually Dimorphic Expression ◽

Strong Control ◽

Dimorphic Expression

Life-history traits are generally assumed to be inherited quantitatively. Fishing that targets large, old individuals is expected to decrease age at maturity. In Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), it has recently been discovered that sea age at maturity is under strong control by a single locus with sexually dimorphic expression of heterozygotes, which makes it less intuitive to predict how life histories respond to selective fishing. We explore evolutionary responses to fishing in Atlantic salmon, using eco-evolutionary simulations with two alternative scenarios for the genetic architecture of age at maturity: (i) control by multiple loci with additive effects and (ii) control by one locus with sexually dimorphic expression. We show that multi-locus control leads to unidirectional evolution towards earlier maturation, whereas single-locus control causes largely divergent and disruptive evolution of age at maturity without a clear phenotypic trend but a wide range of alternative evolutionary trajectories and greater trait variability within trajectories. Our results indicate that the range of evolutionary responses to selective fishing can be wider than previously thought and that a lack of phenotypic trend need not imply that evolution has not occurred. These findings underscore the role of genetic architecture of life-history traits in understanding how human-induced selection can shape target populations. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

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Genetic and phenotypic changes in an Atlantic salmon population supplemented with non-local individuals: a longitudinal study over 21 years

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2014.2765 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 282 (1802) ◽

pp. 20142765 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Sabrina Le Cam ◽

Charles Perrier ◽

Anne-Laure Besnard ◽

Louis Bernatchez ◽

Guillaume Evanno

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Life History ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Genetic Admixture ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Source Population ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Non Local ◽

Source Populations

While introductions and supplementations using non-native and potentially domesticated individuals may have dramatic evolutionary effects on wild populations, few studies documented the evolution of genetic diversity and life-history traits in supplemented populations. Here, we investigated year-to-year changes from 1989 to 2009 in genetic admixture at 15 microsatellite loci and in phenotypic traits in an Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) population stocked during the first decade of this period with two genetically and phenotypically distinct source populations. We detected a pattern of temporally increasing introgressive hybridization between the stocked population and both source populations. The proportion of fish returning to the river after a single winter at sea ( versus several ones) was higher in fish assigned to the main source population than in local individuals. Moreover, during the first decade of the study, both single-sea-winter and multi-sea-winter (MSW) fish assigned to the main source population were smaller than local fish. During the second decade of the study, MSW fish defined as hybrids were lighter and smaller than fish from parental populations, suggesting outbreeding depression. Overall, this study suggests that supplementation with non-local individuals may alter not only the genetic diversity of wild populations but also life-history traits of adaptive significance.

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