Chapter 18 SCN output drives the autonomic nervous system: with special reference to the autonomic function related to the regulation of glucose metabolism

1996 ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagai ◽  
N. Nagai ◽  
K. Shimizu ◽  
S. Chun ◽  
H. Nakagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Impact of Acute Antioxidant Supplementation on Vascular Function and Autonomic Nervous System Modulation in Young Adults with PTSD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Weggen ◽  
Ashley Darling ◽  
Aaron Autler ◽  
Austin C Hogwood ◽  
Kevin Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Ptsd Group ◽  
Age And Sex

PURPOSE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The goal of the study was to determine if peripheral vascular dysfunction, a precursor to CVD, was present in young adults with PTSD, and if an acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation could modify this potential PTSD-induced vascular dysfunction. METHODS: Thirteen individuals with PTSD were recruited for this investigation and were compared to 35 age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PTSD-PL) or antioxidants (PTSD-AO; Vitamins C and E; Alpha Lipoic Acid) prior to their visits, while the CRTL subjects only participated in one visit. Upper and lower limb vascular function were assessed via flow-mediated dilation and passive leg movement technique. Heart rate variability was utilized to assess autonomic nervous system modulation. RESULTS: The PTSD-PL condition, when compared to the CTRL group, reported lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as sympathetic nervous system (SNS) predominance. Following acute AO supplementation, arm, but not leg, microvascular function was improved and SNS predominance was lowered to which the prior difference between PTSD group and CTRL was no longer significant. CONCLUSION: Young individuals with PTSD demonstrated lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as greater SNS predominance when compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Furthermore, this lower vascular/autonomic function was augmented by an acute AO supplementation to the level of the healthy controls, potentially implicating oxidative stress as a contributor to this blunted vascular/autonomic function.

scholarly journals Autonomic Involvement in Subacute and Chronic Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazzeo ◽  
Claudia Stancanelli ◽  
Rita Di Leo ◽  
Giuseppe Vita
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Chronic Course

Autonomic function can be impaired in many disorders in which sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric arms of the autonomic nervous system are affected. Signs and symptoms of autonomic involvement are related to impairment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, thermoregulatory, sudomotor, and pupillomotor autonomic functions. Availability of noninvasive, sensitive, and reproducible tests can help to recognize these disorders and to better understand specific mechanisms of some, potentially treatable, immune-mediated autonomic neuropathies. This paper describes autonomic involvement in immune-mediated neuropathies with a subacute or chronic course.

Role of the autonomic nervous system in push-pull gravitational stress in anesthetized rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Hakeman ◽  
Don D. Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Gravitational Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenylephrine Infusion

Tolerance to +Gzstress is reduced by preceding exposure to −Gz (push-pull effect). The mechanism(s) responsible for this effect are not fully understood, although the arterial baroreceptor reflexes have been implicated. We investigated the integrative response of the autonomic nervous system by studying responses to gravitational stress before and after autonomic function was inhibited by hexamethonium in 10 isoflurane-anesthetized male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were restrained supine and subjected to two rotations imposed about the x-axis: 1) a control G profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz (+1 Gy) to 90° head-up tilt (+1 Gz) for 10 s and 2) a push-pull G profile consisting of rotation from 0 Gz to 90° head-down tilt (−1 Gz) for 2 s immediately preceding 10 s of +1 Gz stress. Eight G profiles consisting of equal numbers of control and push-pull trials were imposed by using a counterbalanced design. We found that hexamethonium lowered baseline arterial pressure and abolished the push-pull effect. The lack of a push-pull effect after autonomic blockade persisted when arterial pressure was restored to baseline levels by phenylephrine infusion. Lowering baseline arterial pressure by sodium nitroprusside infusion or by hemorrhage when autonomic function was intact also abolished the push-pull effect. We conclude that intact autonomic function and a normal baseline arterial pressure are needed for expression of the push-pull effect in anesthetized rats subjected to tilting.

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