scholarly journals Autonomic Involvement in Subacute and Chronic Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mazzeo ◽  
Claudia Stancanelli ◽  
Rita Di Leo ◽  
Giuseppe Vita
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Chronic Course

Autonomic function can be impaired in many disorders in which sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric arms of the autonomic nervous system are affected. Signs and symptoms of autonomic involvement are related to impairment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, thermoregulatory, sudomotor, and pupillomotor autonomic functions. Availability of noninvasive, sensitive, and reproducible tests can help to recognize these disorders and to better understand specific mechanisms of some, potentially treatable, immune-mediated autonomic neuropathies. This paper describes autonomic involvement in immune-mediated neuropathies with a subacute or chronic course.

PAROXYSMAL HYPERTENSION SIMULATING PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
NATALIE ARONSON ◽  
GERTRUDE S. STERN ◽  
SIDNEY Q. COHLAN
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Paroxysmal Hypertension

An eight year old child with intermittent attacks of hypertension and vomiting has been described, The blood pressure fell dramatically in response to Benzodioxane®, suggesting the presence of a pheochromocytoma, but this tumor was not found after an extensive exploratory laparotomy. The episodes of hypertension and vomiting together with the associated findings in this child of crying without tears, frequent blotching of the skin and excessive sweating and salivating are considered to be indications of an unusually labile autonomic nervous system. These latter characteristics were present in a younger sibling who also had an extremely labile blood pressure but who did not exhibit periodic attacks of hypertension and vomiting. A variety of agents were studied for their effects on the patient's signs and symptoms but none of these were demonstrated to have any therapeutic value.

scholarly journals Clinical Assessment Scales in Autonomic Nervous System Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2 Suppl) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Eun Bin Cho ◽  
Ki-Jong Park
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Autonomic Symptom ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Assessment Scales

The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis mediated by the parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric systems. Autonomic failure adversely affects body function and may increase morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the scoring systems, such as Ewing’s classification and Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS), were developed to detect and quantify autonomic deficits, primarily focusing on the cardiovascular reflex system. Autonomic disorders manifest with a myriad of symptoms resulting from the dysfunction of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, secretomotor, pupillomotor systems as well as cardiovascular system. Several self-report questionnaires, such as Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS), Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT), Survey of Autonomic Symptom (SAS), were also used to support to detect various signs and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction in clinical settings. In this review, we introduce clinically useful assessment scales in autonomic nervous system disorders.

Influence of Yoga on the Autonomic Nervous System

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Kaviraja Udupa ◽  
T. N. Sathyaprabha
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Sympathovagal Balance ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Visceral Systems ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Increased interest in exploring the physiological benefits of yoga in last few decades resulted in plethora of scientific studies involving different physiological measures in healthy volunteers and patients with various disorders. Of these measures, autonomic functions assessment remained prime role because of wider regulation of autonomic nervous system functions over all visceral systems of the body. Through its two limbs (sympathetic and parasympathetic) autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary visceral organs and systems of the body, which is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of all the physiological functions. This homeostasis is altered in various disease conditions most of which resulted because of the increased stress, a product of modern day lifestyle. Yoga is perfect antidote for the stress, effectively tackling the dreaded effects of stress on physiological systems mainly acting through modulating sympathovagal balance to maintain the homeostasis and restoring the health. We will discuss how yoga achieves this balance in various disorders by reviewing the autonomic system, its functions, laboratory assessments and plenty of scientific studies conducted over last few decades in various disorders involving yoga and autonomic functions. Although we have general idea as to how yoga modulates the sympathovagal balance improving clinical condition, we need to have more long-term, in-depth, well-controlled studies not only to understand these complex interactions of yoga and autonomic functions but also to provide scientific credibility to yoga research in world's scientific community. These steps would hopefully enable mankind to lead the disease-free healthy life style effectively to achieve meaningfully the purpose of one's life.

Impact of Acute Antioxidant Supplementation on Vascular Function and Autonomic Nervous System Modulation in Young Adults with PTSD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Weggen ◽  
Ashley Darling ◽  
Aaron Autler ◽  
Austin C Hogwood ◽  
Kevin Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Ptsd Group ◽  
Age And Sex

PURPOSE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an increase in risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The goal of the study was to determine if peripheral vascular dysfunction, a precursor to CVD, was present in young adults with PTSD, and if an acute antioxidant (AO) supplementation could modify this potential PTSD-induced vascular dysfunction. METHODS: Thirteen individuals with PTSD were recruited for this investigation and were compared to 35 age- and sex-matched controls (CTRL). The PTSD group participated in two visits, consuming either a placebo (PTSD-PL) or antioxidants (PTSD-AO; Vitamins C and E; Alpha Lipoic Acid) prior to their visits, while the CRTL subjects only participated in one visit. Upper and lower limb vascular function were assessed via flow-mediated dilation and passive leg movement technique. Heart rate variability was utilized to assess autonomic nervous system modulation. RESULTS: The PTSD-PL condition, when compared to the CTRL group, reported lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as sympathetic nervous system (SNS) predominance. Following acute AO supplementation, arm, but not leg, microvascular function was improved and SNS predominance was lowered to which the prior difference between PTSD group and CTRL was no longer significant. CONCLUSION: Young individuals with PTSD demonstrated lower arm and leg microvascular function as well as greater SNS predominance when compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Furthermore, this lower vascular/autonomic function was augmented by an acute AO supplementation to the level of the healthy controls, potentially implicating oxidative stress as a contributor to this blunted vascular/autonomic function.

Investigations on the Relationship Between the Autonomic Nervous System and the Triggering of Malignant Hyperthermia: A State-of-the-Science Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Anesthesia Providers ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible ◽  
Primary Disorder ◽  
State Of The Science

Early research in malignant hyperthermia (MH) focused on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) as a primary trigger of the syndrome. This hypothesis was based on the initial signs and symptoms of MH such as tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and signs of increased metabolism in patients who developed MH. Supporting these early links between MH and the ANS were case reports from anesthesia providers who reported that patients who subsequently developed MH after a nontriggering previous anesthetic had appeared unusually stressed prior to the surgical procedure in which they triggered. There is no disagreement in the scientific community that a primary disorder in MH lies in the inability to control myoplasmic calcium levels in skeletal muscles. However, considering the variability in genetic and clinical presentation, the timing of intraoperative triggering, and the unexplained phenomenon of nonanesthetic triggering, the identification of cofactors in MH triggering remains paramount. A careful review of existing research supports the hypothesis that the autonomic nervous system plays a significant role as a cofactor in the triggering and progression of an MH episode. If a differentiation can be made and a link can be demonstrated between abnormalities in receptor sensitivity for or release, reuptake, or metabolism of catecholamines in malignant hyperthermia susceptible individuals, we may be able to use these as additional markers/predictors of disease.

scholarly journals Brain Responses in CFS and TMD to Autonomic Challenges: An Exploratory fMRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Q.C. Vuong ◽  
J.R. Allison ◽  
A. Finkelmeyer ◽  
J. Newton ◽  
J. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Brain Responses

Introduction: Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is seen in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Both conditions have poorly understood pathophysiology. Several brain structures that play a role in pain and fatigue, such as the insular cortex and basal ganglia, are also implicated in autonomic function. Objectives: ANS dysfunction may point to common neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying the predominant symptoms for CFS and TMD. No studies to date have investigated the combination of both conditions. Thus, our aim was to test whether patients with CFS with or without TMD show differences in brain responses to autonomic challenges. Methods: In this exploratory functional imaging study, patients with CFS who screened positive for TMD (n = 26), patients who screened negative for TMD (n = 16), and age-matched control participants (n = 10) performed the Valsalva maneuver while in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. This maneuver is known to activate the ANS. Results: For all 3 groups, whole-brain F test showed increased brain activation during the maneuver in the superior and inferior frontal gyri, the left and right putamen and thalamus, and the insular cortex. Furthermore, group contrasts with small-volume correction showed that patients with CFS who screened positive for TMD showed greater activity in the left insular cortex as compared with patients who screened negative and in the left caudate nucleus as compared with controls. Conclusion: Our results suggest that increased activity in the cortical and subcortical regions observed during autonomic challenges may be modulated by fatigue and pain. ANS dysfunction may be a contributing factor to these findings, and further work is required to tease apart the complex relationship among CFS, TMD, and autonomic functions. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Brain activity related to activation of the autonomic nervous system in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who screened positive for painful temporomandibular disorder was greater than in patients who screened negative; activity was seen in brain regions associated with autonomic functions and pain. These findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of both conditions, explain some of the apparent comorbidity between them, and offer avenues to help with treatment.

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