96/04818 Strong promoting effect of H 2 on coal liquefaction using water-soluble and oil-soluble Mo catalyst precursors

The effect of peat ash and basic slag on the P supply to turnip rape was compared with that of calcitic and dolomitic limestone in a pot experiment performed with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2). Changes in soil properties induced by various liming agents were investigated in an analogous incubation test, and the results served to interpret the observations made in the pot experiment. When the liming materials were added in equal quantities, their ability to reduce soil acidity decreased in the sequence: calcite > dolomite > basic slag > peat ash. However, their growth-promoting effect appeared only in the second year and was not related to the neutralizing ability. In the muddy fine sand soil (3.0 % of org. C) poor in water-soluble P, the peat ash and basic slag were equally effective as calcite in increasing the dry matter yields. In the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), the basic slag and dolomite significantly increased the second yield. The efficiency of peat ash and basic slag seemed to be attributable to their positive impact on P resources. In fact, peat ash served as a slowly acting P-fertilizer rather than as a liming agent. In the basic slag treatment, an increased silicate concentration obviously resulted in desorption of P. In the P-deficient muddy fine sand, the peat ash was equivalent to calcite in intensifying the P uptake. On the other hand, in the fine sand soil where the polymerization of Al due to an increased pH obviously resulted in enhanced P retention, the P uptake was higher in the soils treated with peat ash and basic slag than in those amended with conventional liming agents.

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Effect of type of Mo catalyst on coal liquefaction

Coal Science, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Coal Science - Coal Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0167-9449(06)80039-x ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 1291-1294

Author(s):

Satoshi Ohshima ◽

Motoo Yumura ◽

Yasunori Kuriki ◽

Kunio Uchida ◽

Kunio Kamiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coal Liquefaction ◽

Mo Catalyst

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The Impact of Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Particulate Matter (PM2.5) on Litter Decomposition in Chinese Subtropical Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11020238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 238 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanli Ji ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Rumeng Ye ◽

Kai Tian ◽

Xingjun Tian

Keyword(s):

Leaf Litter ◽

Litter Decomposition ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Water Soluble Inorganic Ions ◽

The Impact

Although numerous studies have demonstrated the toxic effects of fine particulates less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) on the health of humans, little information is available on the ecotoxicity of PM2.5. Water-soluble inorganic ions (WSII, including Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) can compose more than 60% of PM2.5. To better understand the possible impacts of WSII-PM2.5 on leaf litter decomposition, we conducted an experiment in which two leaf litters from oak (Quercus variabilis) and pine (Pinus massoniana) dominant forests in subtropical China were incubated in microcosms containing their respective forest soils and treated with WSII-PM2.5. Our results showed that, after six-months of decomposition, the WSII-PM2.5 treatments inhibited leaf litter decomposition rates, carbon and nitrogen loss, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in the two forests. In addition, higher WSII-PM2.5 concentration led to stronger negative effects. Comparative analysis showed that the negative effects of WSII-PM2.5 on oak forest were greater than on pine forest, relating to the higher susceptibility to changes of soil microenvironment in oak forests. WSII-PM2.5 may influence decomposition through soil acidification and salinization, which could also cause a sub-lethal depression in soil isopod activity. However, in the first month of decomposition, mass loss of the oak and pine leaf litters under the low concentration WSII-PM2.5 were 21.63% and 35.64% higher than that under the control, respectively. This suggests that transitory low concentrations of WSII-PM2.5 have a promoting effect on decomposition. Long-term PM2.5 exposure, therefore, may have profound ecosystem consequences by altering the balance of ecosystem carbon flux, nutrient cycling, and humus formation in the future.

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Toxicity evaluation of collagen hydrolysates from chrome shavings and their potential use in the preparation of amino acid fertilizer for crop growth

Journal of Leather Science and Engineering ◽

10.1186/s42825-021-00072-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Zhao ◽

Shengdong Mu ◽

Weixiang Wang ◽

Haibin Gu

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Resource Utilization ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Promoting Effect ◽

Collagen Hydrolysates

AbstractResource utilization of chrome shavings (CS) has attracted a lot of attention from scientists and technologists in leather industry. Especially, the collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS are expected to find potential application values in agricultural field. However, there is no biotoxicity analysis of collagen hydrolysates from CS. Herein, the collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights were produced from CS by three hydrolysis dechroming methods including alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and alkaline-enzymatic synergistic hydrolysis, and the optimal hydrolysis process of CS was designed and conducted. To evaluate their toxicity, the three collagen hydrolysates were formulated into a nutrient solution for zebrafish development. The obtained results indicated that the hydrolysates with low concentrations (less than 0.6 mg/mL) were safe and could promote the development for zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the three collagen hydrolysates were utilized as organic nitrogen sources and formulated into amino acid water-soluble fertilizers (AAWSF) including alkaline type fertilizer (OH), enzymatic type fertilizer (M) and alkaline-enzymatic type fertilizer (OH–M) for the early soilless seeding cultivation of wheat, soybean and rapeseed. It is worth mentioning that the chromium contents in the prepared AAWSF were less than 10 mg/kg, which is far less than the limit value in the standard (China, 50 mg/kg). The growth and development of seedlings (germination rate, plant height, fresh weight of leaves, soluble sugar content and chlorophyll content) were investigated. The corresponding results showed that the growth of seedlings watered with AAWSF was better compared with the other treatments, and the OH–M fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the seedlings growth and development, followed by the M and OH fertilizers. The safe toxicity assessment of the collagen hydrolysates will expand their application scope, and the use of collagen hydrolysates extracted from CS for seedlings growth also provides an effective and reasonable way to deal with the chromium-containing leather solid waste, which is an effective way to realize its resource utilization. Graphical Abstract

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