scholarly journals Peat ash and basic slag as substitutes for lime with reference to phosphorus uptake by turnip rape

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Turnip Rape

The effect of peat ash and basic slag on the P supply to turnip rape was compared with that of calcitic and dolomitic limestone in a pot experiment performed with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2). Changes in soil properties induced by various liming agents were investigated in an analogous incubation test, and the results served to interpret the observations made in the pot experiment. When the liming materials were added in equal quantities, their ability to reduce soil acidity decreased in the sequence: calcite > dolomite > basic slag > peat ash. However, their growth-promoting effect appeared only in the second year and was not related to the neutralizing ability. In the muddy fine sand soil (3.0 % of org. C) poor in water-soluble P, the peat ash and basic slag were equally effective as calcite in increasing the dry matter yields. In the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), the basic slag and dolomite significantly increased the second yield. The efficiency of peat ash and basic slag seemed to be attributable to their positive impact on P resources. In fact, peat ash served as a slowly acting P-fertilizer rather than as a liming agent. In the basic slag treatment, an increased silicate concentration obviously resulted in desorption of P. In the P-deficient muddy fine sand, the peat ash was equivalent to calcite in intensifying the P uptake. On the other hand, in the fine sand soil where the polymerization of Al due to an increased pH obviously resulted in enhanced P retention, the P uptake was higher in the soils treated with peat ash and basic slag than in those amended with conventional liming agents.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: II Changes in the availability of phosphorus to turnip rape (Brassica campestris) 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-362
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
P Removal

The effect of calcitic limestone treatments on the availability of P to turnip rape was studied with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2) in a pot experiment during two growing seasons. The soil reactions of a connected incubation test served to interpret the results obtained in the pot experiment. The experimental soils represented soil types of dissimilar responses to liming in regard to P availability. In the muddy fine sand (3 % of org. C), initially poor in easily soluble P, liming enhanced plant growth as well as P uptake in the second year. However, in spite of intensified P removal, the final content of water- soluble P in the limed soils was not lower than in the unlimed ones. This was assumed to demonstrate an augmented availability of P. Also in the fine sand soil (6.4 % of org. C), rich in water-soluble P, liming slightly improved growth of the second harvest in the pots not treated with P, but it did not affect P removal. In the pots amended with P, on the contrary, liming had no effect on the dry matter yields, but it tended to depress P withdrawal. Nevertheless, all the limed soils contained finally less water-soluble P than the unlimed ones, which suggests a diminished availability. The results of the pot experiment demonstrate that a relatively low soil pH does not necessarily limit growth of turnip rape, provided no nutrient deficiency or metal toxicity occurs.

scholarly journals The efficiency of dolomitic limestone, basic slag and peat ash as liming agents, and as calcium and magnesium sources for turnip rape

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Raili Jokinen
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
By Products

Incubation and pot experiments were carried out on muddy fine sand and fine sand soils to determine the efficiency of dolomitic limestone and of industrial by-products, basic slag and peat ash, as liming agents. Calcitic limestone was used as reference material. In the incubation experiment 0, 0.6, 1.2 and 2,4 g calcitic limestone were applied to 390 g (muddy fine sand) or 360 g (fine sand) of air-dry soil. The amount of other liming agents added was 2.4 g. In the pot experiment the weights of soil were 3.9kg (muddy fine sand) and 3.6kg (fine sand) and 24 g of liming agent was applied. The turnip rape (Brassica campestris v. oleifera f.annua cv. Candle) was grown in two growing seasons and the crops were cut at the flowering stage. In both experiments the soils were sampled for analysis after four and sixteen months. The acidity of the soils was neutralized with the liming agents to the same extent in the pot and the incubation experiments. The increases in pH(CaCl2) obtained in the incubation experiment with 2.4 g liming agents were on the muddy fine sand and fine sand for calcitic limestone 2.0 and 1.4, for dolomitic limestone 1.5 and 1.1, for peat ash 0.3 and 0.2, for basic slag 0.8 and 0.6, respectively. At the end of the incubation 2.4 g of dolomitic limestone, peat ash and basic slag had increased the pH(CaCl2) of the soils to the same extent as 1.7 g, 0.4 g or 0.8 g of calcitic limestone, respectively. The proportion of non-exchangeable Ca at pH 7 of the amount added in 2.4 g liming agents was for calcitic limestone 14 and 23 %, for dolomitic limestone 42 and 52 %, for peat ash 27 and 51 %, and for basic slag 59 and 64 %, in the muddy fine sand and fine sand soils, respectively. Of the Mg added in dolomitic limestone, about 45 % was non-exchangeable, and in basig slag about 65 %. In the pot experiment about 13 % (average of the two soils) of the Ca applied in calcitic limestone was not found in turnip rape or as neutral 1 M ammonium acetate extractable from the soil. The corresponding value for dolomitic limestone was 41 %, for peat ash 45 % and for basic slag 65 %. The Mg applied in the liming agents but not found in turnip rape or in the soil amounted to 42 % for dolomitic limestone, 74 % for peat ash and 67 % for basic slag. The efficiency of basic slag as a liming agent will be over estimated if it is measured by the amount of acid neutralized or by the content of Ca and Mg (Ca + 1.65xMg) soluble in 1M HCI. The amount of Ca soluble in 1 M HCI, alone, may provide a better, though not good, measure of the neutralizing ability of basic slag.

PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCE AND MOISTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.

scholarly journals Effect of liming on phosphorus in two soils of different organic matter content: I Changes of native and applied phosphorus in incubation experiment 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Buffering Power ◽  
Soluble P

The effect of increasing lime quantities on reactions of native and applied P was investigated in an incubation experiment performed with two acid mineral soils of pH 4.8 (CaCl2). The soil samples differed considerably in the content of organic matter, which was reflected in their pH buffering power: in the fine sand, rich in organic matter (6.4 % org. C), liming raised the pH less than in the muddy fine sand (3.0 % org. C). The level of native water-soluble P was markedly lowered in the incubated soil samples treated with nutrient salts. In the muddy fine sand, the decrease tended to be the smaller, whereas in the fine sand the greater, the more intensive liming was. This held true also of added P. The changes in CHANG and JACKSON’s P fractions did not alone satisfactorily explain the dissimilar response of soil P to lime treatments. The fate of P was concluded to be controlled by the quality and quantity of Al species differing in their affinity for P sorption. The changes in the solubility of P are a net result of processes enhancing and of those depressing the sorption tendency. In the fine sand soil of high initial content of water-soluble P, the detrimental effect of liming seemed to be attributed to the abundance of polymerized Al the affinity of which for P retention increased with intensified liming. Further, the high pH buffering power of this soil reduced the efficiency of lime to produce OH- ions able to compete with phosphate for sorption sites. In the muddy fine sand soil, on the contrary, the formation of sorption-active sites was not equally marked and, owing to the weaker pH buffering, liming raised the OH- concentration more effectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water and ammonium acetate tests as indices for available P in limed soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Water Soluble P ◽  
Salt Addition ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Extraction Test ◽  
Soluble P

The water and acid acetate extractions as predictors of the P uptake by plants were compared in a two-year pot experiment and a simultaneous incubation test. The accuracy of these methods was dissimilarly affected by individual cultivation measures, such as the addition of nutrient salts and liming. In contrast to acetate-extractable P, the water-soluble P proved to be sensitive to the salt addition reducing the water extraction test values markedly. On the other hand, in limed soils the water-soluble P seemed to be more closely related to the P uptake by plants than the acetate-extractable P which tended to overestimate available reserves.

508 Conservative Management of Small Bowel Obstruction: A Local Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Gonzalez ◽  
M Aker ◽  
P Manjunath ◽  
A Mishra ◽  
N Ward
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Abdominal Adhesions ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Immediate Surgery

Abstract Introduction Post-operative intra-abdominal adhesions remain the leading cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO) representing one of the main diagnoses warranting emergency laparotomies. The National Audit in Small Bowel Obstruction advocates the use of water-soluble contrast agents (WSCA) as initial management of SBO. We aim to assess the role and outcomes of WSCA and its rate in successfully managing SBO non-operatively. Method We conducted a 2-year retrospective analysis including all patients admitted with adhesive SBO. Outcomes of patients who received WSCA were compared to those who hadn’t. Results 118 patients were included, 27(23%) of which required immediate surgery while 91(77%) were initially managed conservatively. From the latter group, 53(58.2%) received WSCA whilst 38(41.8%) didn’t. Of the group that received WSCA, 36(39.5%) were successfully managed non-operatively, compared to 26(28.5%) that didn’t, this however lacked statistical significance. LOS didn’t differ between these two groups (5 days vs. 5.5 days, p = 0.805). 32% of the patients required eventual surgical intervention needing longer LOS regardless of receiving WSCA (6.6 days vs. 13.6 days p < 0.001). Conclusions Adhesive SBO can be managed conservatively in up to two-thirds of patients. WSCA usage has a positive impact but needs further assessment in larger studies.

The impact of biomass harvesting on phosphorus uptake by wetland plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S-Y. Kim ◽  
P.M. Geary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Harvesting ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total P ◽  
Better Than ◽  
P Removal

Two species of macrophytes, Baumea articulata and Schoenoplectus mucronatus, were examined for their capacity to remove phosphorus under nutrient-rich conditions. Forty large bucket systems with the two different species growing in two types of substrate received artificial wastewaters for nine months, simulating a constructed wetland (CW) under high loading conditions. Half of the plants growing in the topsoil and gravel substrates were periodically harvested whereas the other half remained intact. Plant tissue and substrate samples were regularly analysed to determine their phosphorus concentrations. With respect to phosphorus uptake and removal, the Schoenoplectus in the topsoil medium performed better than the Baumea. Biomass harvesting enhanced P uptake in the Schoenoplectus, however the effect was not significant enough to make an improvement on the overall P removal, due to the slow recovery of plants and regrowth of biomass after harvesting. From P partitioning, it was found that the topsoil medium was the major P pool, storing most of total P present in the system. Plant parts contributed only minor storage with approximately half of that P stored below ground in the plant roots. The overall net effect of harvesting plant biomass was to only remove less than 5% of total phosphorus present in the system.

scholarly journals Water and phosphorus uptake by upland rice root systems unraveled under multiple scenarios: linking a 3D soil-root model and data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant P Uptake

AbstractBackground and aimsUpland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited and these two factors interact on P bioavailability. To better understand this interaction, mechanistic models representing small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere of full-grown root systems are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three different P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, suboptimal, non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity versus drying periods). Root architectural parameters and P uptake were determined. Using a multiscale model of water and nutrient uptake, in-silico experiments were conducted by mimicking similar P and water treatments. First, 3D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating an architecure model with observed phenological root data, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters, and root biomass allocation along depth. Secondly, the multiscale model was informed with these 3D root architectures and the actual transpiration rates. Finally, water and P uptake were simulated.Key resultsThe plant P uptake increased over threefold by increasing P and water supply, and drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. Without calibration, simulation results adequately predicted P uptake, including the different effects of drying periods on P uptake at different P levels. However, P uptake was underestimated under P deficiency, a process likely related to an underestimated affinity of P uptake transporters in the roots. Both types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) are shown to be highly important for both water and P uptake, and the relative contribution of each type depend on both soil P availability and water dynamics. Key drivers in P uptake are growing root tips and the distribution of laterals.ConclusionsThis model-data integration demonstrates how multiple co-occurring single root phene responses to environmental stressors contribute to the development of a more efficient root system. Further model improvements such as the use of Michaelis constants from buffered systems and the inclusion of mycorrhizal infections and exudates are proposed.

scholarly journals Simultaneous phosphorus uptake and denitrification by EBPR-r biofilm under aerobic conditions: effect of dissolved oxygen

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Yu Wong ◽  
Maneesha P. Ginige ◽  
Anna H. Kaksonen ◽  
Ralf Cord-Ruwisch ◽  
David C. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Oxygen Intrusion ◽  
Biofilm Structure ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

A biofilm process, termed enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery (EBPR-r), was recently developed as a post-denitrification approach to facilitate phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater. Although simultaneous P uptake and denitrification was achieved despite substantial intrusion of dissolved oxygen (DO >6 mg/L), to what extent DO affects the process was unclear. Hence, in this study a series of batch experiments was conducted to assess the activity of the biofilm under various DO concentrations. The biofilm was first allowed to store acetate (as internal storage) under anaerobic conditions, and was then subjected to various conditions for P uptake (DO: 0–8 mg/L; nitrate: 10 mg-N/L; phosphate: 8 mg-P/L). The results suggest that even at a saturating DO concentration (8 mg/L), the biofilm could take up P and denitrify efficiently (0.70 mmol e−/g total solids*h). However, such aerobic denitrification activity was reduced when the biofilm structure was physically disturbed, suggesting that this phenomenon was a consequence of the presence of oxygen gradient across the biofilm. We conclude that when a biofilm system is used, EBPR-r can be effectively operated as a post-denitrification process, even when oxygen intrusion occurs.

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