This chapter focuses on Jewish refugee doctors. With the advent of the Nazis to power in Germany in 1933, the harassment of Jewish professionals intensified and there began an exodus of Jewish doctors from Germany, which accelerated when laws were passed to exclude Jews from the German medical service. In May of 1934, non-Aryan physicians were debarred from participating in the state health insurance scheme; from April of 1937, Jews were no longer entitled to take exams to qualify as doctors; and from September 30, 1938, all Jewish medical licences were to be revoked, even if in certain cases Jews were to be permitted to provide medical treatment for other Jews. Already by the end of 1933, 578 doctors had left the Reich, and by mid-1934, 1,100 had fled abroad. There were also 311 persons dismissed from medical research institutes in the mid-1930s because they were Jewish or partly Jewish.
The State and Medical Research
