Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Cardiovascular diseases can affect those in employment and can limit working capacity. Multiple considerations should be taken into account when assessing return to work, including psychosocial factors. This chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date evidence-based overview of common cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, valvular disease, congenital heart disease, hypertension, syncope, and implantable cardiac devices including pacemakers (with a special section on implantable devices and electromagnetic fields). Topics of interest also covered within this chapter include travel, firefighters, stress, shift working, hazardous substances, hot conditions, and driving.