A twin study of gender-influenced individual differences in general cognitive ability

Intelligence ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
John C. DeFries
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
General Cognitive Ability

Intelligence demands flexibility: Individual differences in attentional disengagement strongly predict the general cognitive ability of mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 101657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan W. Crawford ◽  
Sophie Bendrath ◽  
Margarita D. Manzano ◽  
Aasav Mehta ◽  
Himali M. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Attentional Disengagement

scholarly journals Genetics of Cognition: Outline of a Collaborative Twin Study

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Wright ◽  
Eco De Geus ◽  
Juko Ando ◽  
Michelle Luciano ◽  
Danielle Posthuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Spatial Span

AbstractAmultidisciplinary collaborative study examining cognition in a large sample of twins is outlined. A common experimental protocol and design is used in The Netherlands, Australia and Japan to measure cognitive ability using traditional IQ measures (i.e., psychometric IQ), processing speed (e.g., reaction time [RT] and inspection time [IT]), and working memory (e.g., spatial span, delayed response [DR] performance). The main aim is to investigate the genetic covariation among these cognitive phenotypes in order to use the correlated biological markers in future linkage and association analyses to detect quantitativetrait loci (QTLs). We outline the study and methodology, and report results from our preliminary analyses that examines the heritability of processing speed and working memory indices, and their phenotypic correlation with IQ. Heritability of Full Scale IQ was 87% in the Netherlands, 83% in Australia, and 71% in Japan. Heritability estimates for processing speed and working memory indices ranged from 33–64%. Associations of IQ with RT and IT (−0.28 to −0.36) replicated previous findings with those of higher cognitive ability showing faster speed of processing. Similarly, significant correlations were indicated between IQ and the spatial span working memory task (storage [0.31], executive processing [0.37]) and the DR working memory task (0.25), with those of higher cognitive ability showing better memory performance. These analyses establish the heritability of the processing speed and working memory measures to be used in our collaborative twin study of cognition, and support the findings that individual differences in processing speed and working memory may underlie individual differences in psychometric IQ.

scholarly journals Blood-based epigenome-wide analyses of cognitive abilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. McCartney ◽  
Robert F Hillary ◽  
Daniel Trejo-Banos ◽  
Danni Alisha Gadd ◽  
Rosie M Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Variance Components Analysis ◽  
Components Analysis

We present a blood-based epigenome-wide association study and variance-components analysis of cognitive functions (n=9,162). Individual differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) accounted for up to 41.5% of the variance in cognitive functions; together, genetic and epigenetic markers accounted for up to 70.4% of the variance. A DNAm predictor accounted for 3.4% and 4.5% (P≤9.9x10-6) of the variance in general cognitive ability, independently of a polygenic score, in two external cohorts.

Individual Differences in Faking Integrity Tests

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagan D. Brown ◽  
Christopher M. Cothern
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Item Type ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Integrity Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Integrity Tests ◽  
Fake Good

The present study assessed whether success at faking a commercially available integrity test relates to individual differences among the test takers. We administered the Reid Report, an overt integrity test, twice to a sample of college students with instructions to answer honestly on one administration and “fake good” on the other. These participants also completed a measure of general cognitive ability, the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices. Integrity test scores were 1.3 standard deviations higher in the faking condition ( p < .05). There was a weak, but significant, positive relation between general cognitive ability and faking success, calculated as the difference in scores between the honest and faked administrations of the Reid Report ( r = .17, p < .05). An examination of the correlations between faking success and general cognitive ability by item type suggested that the relation is due to the items that pose hypothetical scenarios, e.g., “Should an employee be fired for stealing a few office supplies?” ( r = .22, p < .05) and not the items that ask for admissions of undesirable past behaviors, e.g., “Have you ever stolen office supplies?” ( r = .02, p > .05; t = 2.06, p < .05) for the difference between correlations. These results suggest that general cognitive ability is indeed an individual difference relevant to success at faking an overt integrity test.

scholarly journals A longitudinal twin study of general cognitive ability over four decades.

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lyons ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Weijian Liu ◽  
Ruth McKenzie ◽  
Noah J. Bluestone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

G and g: Two markers of a general cognitive ability, or none?

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Locurto
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Nonhuman Species

AbstractThe search for general processes that underlie intelligence in nonhumans has followed two strategies: one that concerns observing differences between nonhuman species (G), the second that concerns observing individual differences within a nonhuman species (g). This commentary takes issue with both attempts to mark a general factor: Differential responding to contextual variables compromises the search for G, and the lack of predictive validity compromises g.

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