A New Framework Approach Enhances Security to Efficient Remote Collaboration in TPA Scheme for Cloud Storage

Cloud computing provides customers with storage as a service, allowing data to be stored, managed, and cached remotely. Users can also access it online. A major concern for users is the integrity of the data stored in the cloud, as it is possible for external invaders or criminals to attack, repair, or destroy the data stored in the cloud. Data auditing is a trending concept that involves hiring a third-party auditor to perform a data integrity test (TPA). The main purpose of this project is to provide a safe and effective testing system that combines features such as data integrity, confidentiality, and privacy protection. The cloud server is only used to store encrypted data blocks in the proposed system. It is not subject to any additional computer verification. TPA and the data owner are in charge of all the functions of the scheme. A variety of materials are used to evaluate the proposed audit process. The proposed solution meets all the processes while minimizing the load on cloud servers. Data dynamics actions such as data review, deletion, and installation will be performed in the future. Keywords: Cloud storage; Third Party Auditor; Public Auditing; Privacy Preserving; Integrity;

Mine Clay Washing Residues as a Source for Alkali-Activated Binders

The aim of this paper is to promote the use of mine clay washing residues for the preparation of alkali activated materials (AAMs). In particular, the influence of the calcination temperature of the clayey by-product on the geopolymerization process was investigated in terms of chemical stability and durability in water. The halloysitic clay, a mining by-product, has been used after calcination and mixed with an alkaline solution to form alkali activated binders. Attention was focused on the influence of the clay’s calcination treatment (450–500–600 °C) on the geopolymers’ microstructure of samples, remaining in the lower limit indicated by the literature for kaolinite or illite calcination. The mixtures of clay and alkali activators (NaOH 8M and Na-silicate) were cured at room temperature for 28 days. The influence of solid to liquid ratio in the mix formulation was also tested in terms of chemical stability measuring the pH and the ionic conductivity of the eluate after 24-h immersion time in water. The results reported values of ionic conductivity higher for samples made with untreated clay or with low temperature of calcination (≥756 mS/m) compared with values of samples made with calcined clay (292 mS/m). This result suggests that without a proper calcination of the as-received clay it was not possible to obtain 25 °C-consolidated AAMs with good chemical stability and dense microstructure. The measures of integrity test, pH, and ionic conductivity in water confirmed that the best sample is made with calcined clay at 600 °C, being similar (53% higher ionic conductivity of the eluate) or equal (integrity test and pH) to values recorded for the metakaolin-based geopolymer considered the reference material. These results were reflected in term of reticulation and morphology of samples through the analysis with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which show a dense and homogeneous microstructure predominantly amorphous with minor amounts of quartz, halloysite, and illite crystalline phases. Special attention was dedicated to this by-product to promote its use, given that kaolinite (and metakaolin), as primary mineral product, has a strong impact on the environment. The results obtained led us to consider this halloysite clay very interesting as an aluminosilicate precursor, and extensively deepening its properties and reactivity for the alkaline activation. In fact, the heart of this work is to study the possibility of reusing this by-product of an industrial process to obtain more sustainable high-performance binders.

Enabling Extended Reach Wells with the Aid of an Ultra-High Speed Rotational Reamer Shoe

Well X is an infill horizontal well designed for the Gulf of Thailand. It is challenging due to the following factors - A long 8 ½ inch open hole section, An extended reach section at horizontal or near horizontal, the presence of loss circulation zones, an Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) ratio of 2.725 and a Drilling Difficulty Index (DDI) of 6.762. The key challenge was to successfully deploy the 7 inch casing across 12,350 ftMD of open hole, with potential loss circulation zones. In spite of these difficulties, the 7 inch casing was successfully landed with the use of an Ultra-High Speed Rotational Reamer Shoe. Historically, losses of circulation have posed significant challenges to well delivery in the Gulf of Thailand wells. In Well X, this is further complicated by a long open-hole section with a step-out of over 10,000 ftMD. It was determined that the successful deployment of the 7 inch casing would require some degree of agitation at the nose, and such a device must be tolerant to the Lost Circulation Materials (LCM) type and the composition of the drilling fluid and the cement. An ultra-high speed rotational reamer shoe was specially configured to meet the LCM requirements in the displaced fluid, for use in deploying the casing. While deploying the 7 inch casing, losses of up to 20 bbls/hr occurred from 7,043 ftMD while running at 15 joints/hr. A loss circulation recipe comprising of 60 bbls of 30 ppb Tiger LCM was mixed and successfully displaced through the customized ultra-high speed reamer shoe to cure losses. The casing was washed down from 10,569 to 11,610 ftMD, filling casing each stand. The 7 inch casing was successfully landed at the target depth of 12,353 feet and subsequently cemented. Drill out operations took 1.5 hours to complete. A formation integrity test (FIT) showed good shoe strength which was later confirmed by the cement evaluation logs. The comprehensive Ultra-High Speed Reamer Shoe was configured with a minimum restriction of 15mm, which is 5 times the diameter of the maximum particle size in the LCM of 3 mm. The tool was designed to tolerate the prescribed loss circulation materials, making it possible to cure the losses while running the casing string. The innovative Ultra-High Speed Reamer Shoe has demonstrated its usefulness by providing a higher probability for successfully deploying the 7 inch production casing over the extended reach section of Well X. The application of this technology can mitigate against non-productive time such as wiper trips or excessive washing down or casing rotation. It has proven to be a reliable technology that can be used in the industry in challenging well designs.

Lead Application to Cure Sap Wells by Deploying Straddle Packer, Success Story

Objective/Scope The Increase of inactive wells due to subsurface integrity issue is observed in brown fields, Fig-1 is, showing the record for onshore UAE asset, the economic challenges is calling for alternative solutions to restore well integrity with lower cost. Straddle packer application is consists of two tandom packers with spacer pipe in between with anchoring system deployed riglessly in the well to isolate the communication point between Ann A and Tubing.Fig-2, Methods, Procedures, Process Communication between tubing and annulus A (Failure of primary barrier) is identified as the right candidate wells for straddle packer application, First step is to clearly identify the point of communication, it has been done by annulus pressure investigation excersize during flowing and shut in condition, observing the return of annulus fluid which was the same produced gas Noise log has been conducted and clearly identified the communication point at SPM (Side Pocket Mandrel) to be used for emergency killing, Tubing integrity test was conducted using nippless plugs and inflow test below and above the leak point and confirm no other leak points within the tubing Engineering drawing for the leaking assembly was reviewed to design the dimension of straddle packer assembly, length and packer size It is recommended to deploy the assembly using electric line correlation for accurate depth selection After setting annulus pressure observed no build up Well opened safely to production Results/Observation/Conclusion Leak point arrested, well primary barrier restored Removed from DWS (drilling and workover schedule) and restore well production in addition to improving inactive string KPI for Gas asset Save almost work over cost for gas well XX-197 Novel/ Additive information The way forward is to check the scalability of extending this application among other ADNOC assets and to screen the right candidate wells for this application To add this application as a part of well integrity procedures and recommendations for such like cases

Analytical Research of Integrity Testing on Bore Pile

The integrity test is conducted on RCC bore pile this test is conducted as per the guidelines of ASTM D5882 respectively. This test is conducted on “Perstorp site which is located in dis -Bharuch Gujrat. In this region the Strata of soil is soft aquifer hence to carry heavy structural load, pile foundation is best solution. The experimental study is carries out on 20 meter length of Bore pile of 600mm in diameter. This paper is based on experimental study on bore pile due to assess the pile integrity for potential problem like cross section change, honeycombing, concrete quality, continuity etc.

Successful Implementation of Managed Pressure Drilling and Managed Pressure Cementing Techniques in Fractured Carbonate Formation Prone to Total Lost Circulation in Far North Region

Drilling reservoir section in the oilfield located in Far North region is challenged with high risks of mud losses ranging from relatively minor losses to severe lost circulation. Numerous attempts to cure losses with traditional methods have been inefficient and unsuccessful. This paper describes implementation of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC) techniques to drill 6-1/8″ hole section, run and cement 5″ liner managing bottomhole pressure and overcoming wellbore construction challenges. Application of MPD technique enabled drilling 6-1/8″ hole section with statically underbalanced mud holding constant bottom hole pressure both in static and dynamic conditions. The drilling window uncertainty made it difficult to plan for the correct mud weight (MW) to drill the section. The MW and MPD design were chosen after risk assessment and based on the decisions from drilling operator. Coriolis flowmeter proved to be essential in deciphering minor losses and allowed quick response to changing conditions. Upon reaching target depth, the well was displaced to heavier mud in MPD mode prior to open hole logging and MPC. MPD techniques allowed the client to drill thru fractured formation without losses or gains in just a couple of days as compared to the months of drilling time the wells usually took to mitigate wellbore problems, such as total losses, kicks, differential sticking, etc. This job helped the client to save time and reduce well construction costs while optimizing drilling performance. Conventional cementing was not feasible in previous wells because of risks of losses, which were eliminated with MPC technique: bottomhole pressure (BHP) was kept below expected loss zones that provided necessary height of cement and a good barrier required to complete and produce the well. Successful zonal isolation applying MPC technique was confirmed by cement bond log and casing integrity test. Throughout the project, real-time data transmission was available to the client and engineering support team in town. This provided pro-active monitoring and real-time process optimization in response to wellbore changes. MPD techniques helped the client to drill the well in record time with the lowest possible mud weight consequently reducing mud requirements. The MPD system allowed obtaining pertinent reservoir data, such as pore pressure and fracture pressure gradients in uncertain geological conditions.

A Study on a Modified Model for the Hold Time of a Clean Extinguishing Agent

When estimating the theoretical hold time of a Clean Extinguishing Agent (CEA), the hold time is predicted using a leakage exponent and leakage characteristics that are measured through an Enclosure Integrity Test (EIT). In particular, the leakage exponent n is conventionally applied as 0.5, but recently, a variable exponent has been applied through measurement (approximately 0.48 to 0.85). When variable n is applied, the hold time varies greatly depending on the size of n. Therefore, in this study, a modified theoretical model for the hold time of a CEA is proposed to improve the accuracy of the hold time depending on the leakage exponent n. The modified theoretical model applies a different analysis of the inflow and outflow volumetric flow, and the results enable a more accurate hold time prediction. The modified theoretical equation shows an improvement of up to 8.6% for outflow volumetric flow V˙o and a maximum improvement of approximately 10.7% for hold time th.