scholarly journals Socioeconomic status impacts genetic influences on the longitudinal dynamic relationship between temperament and general cognitive ability in childhood: The Louisville Twin Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Finkel ◽  
Deborah W. Davis ◽  
Evan J. Giandgrande ◽  
Sean Womack ◽  
Eric Turkheimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Dynamic ◽  
Louisville Twin Study

scholarly journals Twin Differentiation of Cognitive Ability Through Phenotype to Environment Transmission: The Louisville Twin Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Beam ◽  
Eric Turkheimer ◽  
William T. Dickens ◽  
Deborah Winders Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Louisville Twin Study

Twin Similarity in the Developmental Transformations of Infant Temperament as Measured in a Multi-Method, Longitudinal Study

1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Matheny
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Infant Temperament ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Louisville Twin Study ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Developmental Transformations ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Temperament Dimension

AbstractIn the Louisville Twin Study, laboratory observations of twin infants' temperament at 12, 18, and 24 months were linked with parental ratings from temperament questionnaires. Core dimensions of temperament were extracted by factor analysis applied to each set of measures at each age. The laboratory temperament dimension was recurrently represented by emotional tone, social orientation, attentiveness, and reaction to restraint. The questionnaire temperament dimension was recurrently represented by mood, approach/withdrawal and adaptability. The laboratory and questionnaire dimensions were found to be correlated at each age (convergent correlations: 0.38 to 0.52) and to be stable across ages (stability correlations 0.37 to 0.66). The temperament dimensions were used to demonstrate that temperament profiles were more concordant for identical than for fraternal twin pairs. The results demonstrate the genetic influences on (a) the primary dimensions of temperament and (b) the developmental transformations of temperament.

Genetic Influences on Five Measures of Processing Speed and Their Covariation with General Cognitive Ability in the Elderly: The Older Australian Twins Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Lee ◽  
Miriam A. Mosing ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Julian N. Trollor ◽  
Andrea Lammel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
General Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Erratum to: Genetic Influences on Four Measures of Executive Functions and Their Covariation with General Cognitive Ability: The Older Australian Twins Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-540
Author(s):  
Teresa Lee ◽  
◽  
Miriam A. Mosing ◽  
Julie D. Henry ◽  
Julian N. Trollor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
General Cognitive Ability

A twin study of gender-influenced individual differences in general cognitive ability

Intelligence ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
John C. DeFries
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
General Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Cognitive ability, Socioeconomic Status, and Depressive Symptoms: A Gene-Environment-Trait Correlation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Avinun
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Environmental Mediation ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Two Samples

AbstractPurposeDepression is genetically influenced, but the mechanisms that underlie these influences are largely unknown. Recently, shared genetic influences were found between depression and both cognitive ability and educational attainment (EA). Although genetic influences are often thought to represent direct biological pathways, they can also reflect indirect pathways, including modifiable environmental mediations (gene-environment-trait correlations). Here, I tested whether the genetic correlation between cognitive ability and depressive symptoms partly reflects an environmental mediation involving socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsAs previously done to increase statistical power, and due to their high phenotypic and genetic correlation, EA was used as a proxy for cognitive ability. Summary statistics from a recent genome-wide association study of EA were used to calculate EA polygenic scores. Two independent samples were used: 522 non-Hispanic Caucasian university students from the Duke Neurogenetics Study (277 women, mean age 19.78±1.24 years) and 5,243 white British volunteers (2,669 women, mean age 62.30±7.41 years) from the UK biobank.ResultsMediation analyses in the two samples indicated that higher proxy-cognitive ability polygenic scores predicted higher SES, which in turn predicted lower depressive symptoms.ConclusionCurrent findings suggest that some of the genetic correlates of depressive symptoms depend on an environmental mediation and consequently that modifying the environment, specifically through social and economic policies, can affect the genetic influences on depression. Additionally, these results suggest that findings from genetic association studies of depression may be context-contingent and reflect social, cultural, and economic processes in the examined population.

scholarly journals Brain-wide functional connectivity patterns support general cognitive ability and mediate effects of socioeconomic status in youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sripada ◽  
Mike Angstadt ◽  
Aman Taxali ◽  
D. Angus Clark ◽  
Tristan Greathouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

AbstractGeneral cognitive ability (GCA) is an individual difference dimension linked to important academic, occupational, and health-related outcomes and its development is strongly linked to differences in socioeconomic status (SES). Complex abilities of the human brain are realized through interconnections among distributed brain regions, but brain-wide connectivity patterns associated with GCA in youth, and the influence of SES on these connectivity patterns, are poorly understood. The present study examined functional connectomes from 5937 9- and 10-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) multi-site study. Using multivariate predictive modeling methods, we identified whole-brain functional connectivity patterns linked to GCA. In leave-one-site-out cross-validation, we found these connectivity patterns exhibited strong and statistically reliable generalization at 19 out of 19 held-out sites accounting for 18.0% of the variance in GCA scores (cross-validated partial η2). GCA-related connections were remarkably dispersed across brain networks: across 120 sets of connections linking pairs of large-scale networks, significantly elevated GCA-related connectivity was found in 110 of them, and differences in levels of GCA-related connectivity across brain networks were notably modest. Consistent with prior work, socioeconomic status was a strong predictor of GCA in this sample, and we found that distributed GCA-related brain connectivity patterns significantly statistically mediated this relationship (mean proportion mediated: 15.6%, p < 2 × 10−16). These results demonstrate that socioeconomic status and GCA are related to broad and diffuse differences in functional connectivity architecture during early adolescence, potentially suggesting a mechanism through which socioeconomic status influences cognitive development.

scholarly journals Genes Determine Stability and the Environment Determines Change in Cognitive Ability During 35 Years of Adulthood

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lyons ◽  
Timothy P. York ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
Michael D. Grant ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Factors Influencing

Previous research has demonstrated stability of cognitive ability and marked heritability during adulthood, but questions remain about the extent to which genetic factors account for this stability. We conducted a 35-year longitudinal assessment of general cognitive ability using the Armed Forces Qualification Test administered to 7,232 male twins in early adulthood and readministered to a subset of 1,237 twins during late middle age. The proportion of variance in cognitive functioning explained by genetic factors was .49 in young adulthood and .57 in late middle age. The correlation between the two administrations was .74 with a genetic correlation of 1.0, indicating that the same genetic influences operated at both times. Genetic factors were primarily responsible for stability, and nonshared environmental factors were primarily responsible for change. The genetic factors influencing cognition may change across other eras, but the same genetic influences are operating from early adulthood to late middle age.

scholarly journals Predicting educational achievement from DNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Selzam ◽  
E Krapohl ◽  
S von Stumm ◽  
P F O'Reilly ◽  
K Rimfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Whole School ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract A genome-wide polygenic score (GPS), derived from a 2013 genome-wide association study (N=127,000), explained 2% of the variance in total years of education (EduYears). In a follow-up study (N=329,000), a new EduYears GPS explains up to 4%. Here, we tested the association between this latest EduYears GPS and educational achievement scores at ages 7, 12 and 16 in an independent sample of 5825 UK individuals. We found that EduYears GPS explained greater amounts of variance in educational achievement over time, up to 9% at age 16, accounting for 15% of the heritable variance. This is the strongest GPS prediction to date for quantitative behavioral traits. Individuals in the highest and lowest GPS septiles differed by a whole school grade at age 16. Furthermore, EduYears GPS was associated with general cognitive ability (~3.5%) and family socioeconomic status (~7%). There was no evidence of an interaction between EduYears GPS and family socioeconomic status on educational achievement or on general cognitive ability. These results are a harbinger of future widespread use of GPS to predict genetic risk and resilience in the social and behavioral sciences.

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