Chapter 9 Activity During the Post-Knowledge of Results Interval Can Benefit Motor Skill Learning

1988 ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Knowledge Of Results

scholarly journals Effect of self-controlled knowledge of results in motor skill learning of elderly adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Lucieni B. Alcântara ◽  
Michela A. F. Alves ◽  
Renata C. O. Santos ◽  
Lívia K. de Medeiros ◽  
Wesley R. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Transfer Test ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
The Self ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Tennis Balls

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of self-controlled knowledge of results (KR) in motor skill learning of elderly adults. Twenty subjects (65.45 + 5.34 years-old), inexperienced in the required task, were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: 1) Self-controlled Group, who received KR whenever requested; 2) Yoked Group, who received KR on the same trials of the Self-controlled Group. The task consisted of moving three tennis balls into six roles, positioned in a wood platform, in a previously determined sequence and target time. During the acquisition phase, the subjects performed 45 trials with a target time of 4500 ms. The immediate transfer tests, conducted ten minutes after the acquisition phase, consisted of 45 trials with a target time of 5000 ms. After forty eight hours, the same procedure was conducted for the latest transfer test. The results showed marginal differences, suggesting a higher performance of self-controlled group. It was concluded that selfcontrolled KR is helpful to promote motor learning in elderly adults.

The Effect of Aimed Movements in Sequenced Motor Skill Learning Motor Skill Acquisition Using Aiming and the SRTT

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle V. Thompson ◽  
Janet L. Utschig ◽  
Mikaela K. Vaughan ◽  
Marc V. Richard ◽  
Benjamin A. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition

scholarly journals Football Juggling Learning Alters the Working Memory and White Matter Integrity in Early Adulthood: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Yifan Shi ◽  
Kelong Cai ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
Xuan Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Experimental Group

Cross-sectional studies suggest that motor skill learning is associated with working memory (WM) and white matter integrity (WMI). However, it has not been established whether motor skill learning improves WM performance, and information on its neural mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this study compared WM and WMI across time points prior to and following football juggling learning, in early adulthood (18–20 years old), relative to a control group. Study participants in the experimental group were subjected to football juggling for 10 weeks while participants in the control category went on with their routine life activities for the same period of time and were not involved in the learning-related activities. Data on cognitive measurements and that from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were collected before and after learning. There was a significant improvement in WM performance of the experimental group after motor learning, although no improvement was observed in the control group. Additionally, after learning, DTI data revealed a significant increase in functional anisotropy (FA) in the genu of corpus callosum (GOCC) and the right anterior corona radiata (R.ACR) in the experimental group. Moreover, the better WM associated with football juggling learning was correlated to a higher FA. Mediation analysis suggested that FA in the GOCC acts as a mediation variable between football juggling learning and WM. These findings show that motor skill learning improves the WM and remodels WMI in early adulthood. With a particular emphasis on the importance of WMI in motor skill learning and WM, this study also revealed the possible neural mechanisms mediated by WMI.

scholarly journals Motor-Skill Learning Is Dependent on Astrocytic Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragunathan Padmashri ◽  
Anand Suresh ◽  
Michael D. Boska ◽  
Anna Dunaevsky
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Learning Impairment

Motor-skill learning induces changes in synaptic structure and function in the primary motor cortex through the involvement of a long-term potentiation- (LTP-) like mechanism. Although there is evidence that calcium-dependent release of gliotransmitters by astrocytes plays an important role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, the role of astrocytes in motor-skill learning is not known. To test the hypothesis that astrocytic activity is necessary for motor-skill learning, we perturbed astrocytic function using pharmacological and genetic approaches. We find that perturbation of astrocytes either by selectively attenuating IP3R2 mediated astrocyte Ca2+signaling or using an astrocyte specific metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate (FC) results in impaired motor-skill learning of a forelimb reaching-task in mice. Moreover, the learning impairment caused by blocking astrocytic activity using FC was rescued by administration of the gliotransmitter D-serine. The learning impairments are likely caused by impaired LTP as FC blocked LTP in slices and prevented motor-skill training-induced increases in synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptorin vivo. These results support the conclusion that normal astrocytic Ca2+signaling during a reaching task is necessary for motor-skill learning.

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