The quality of runoff water collected from a wheat field margin in Greece

2002 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Tsiouris ◽  
A.P. Mamolos ◽  
K.L. Kalburtji ◽  
D. Alifrangis
Keyword(s):  
Runoff Water ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Wheat Field

scholarly journals Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pęczkowski ◽  
Tomasz Kowalczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Szawernoga ◽  
Wojciech Orzepowski ◽  
Romuald Żmuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Relative Retention Index

Within the scope of the conducted experiment the authors analysed the efficiency of runoff reduction by the system of extensive type green roofs. The observations were based on storm events in the area of Lower Silesia at the Agro and Hydrometeorology Station Wrocław-Swojec. The authors analysed the thickness of plant substrate, and also estimated the quality of runoff waters under the conditions of periodic atmospheric deposition. Also considered were such indicators as electrolytic conductivity, N, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, P, PO43−. The experiment included roof substrates designed in two variants, with known hydraulic and physical properties of the soil material. The analysis was performed for models with vegetation layer based on pumice and zelolite, covered with five plant species from the sedum family. The modelling of the hydraulic properties was conducted with variably saturated medium, using the Hydrus 1D software. The performance of systems with primary layer thickness of 11 cm and 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 cm was estimated. The designed models reduced the average peak flows to 89%, and in addition they caused a delay in the initiation of the runoff which was dependent on the intensity and distribution of rainfalls in time, and on the initial moisture of the profiles. Simulations, performed for variable substrate thickness, permit the conclusion that in the case of thin-layer profiles (5 cm), the relative retention index was decidedly lower and amounted to 35.9% for the substrate with zeolite (originally 60.6%) and 41% for the substrate with pumice (originally 65.7%). In the case of total nitrogen and phosphates, statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to specific concentrations in the rainwater and in the control surface. The total nitrogen in the runoff from the green roof was nearly twice as high as that in the rainwater and amounted to, on average, 8.3 mg L−1.

Collection and Analysis of Urban Runoff Data in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Melanen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Sewer Networks

An extensive three-year urban hydrology programme was carried out in Finland. Data were collected and analysed on the quantity and quality of precipitation and runoff water at seven urban test catchments. During rainfall events, on the average, the proportion of surfaces generating direct runoff was found to account for 50-80 per cent of the proportion of paved surfaces in the residential catchments, and for 80-90 per cent in the city centres. Under Finnish conditions, the pollutant loads discharged to recipients with untreated runoff waters are relatively minor in comparison to those of purified waste waters, regarding organic matter and nutrients. Further measures in the Finnish sewage works should thus be focused on other factors, such as increasing the effectiveness of the existing waste water treatment plants, and decreasing the amount of leakage inflows to sewer networks.

Assessing P fertiliser use in vegetable production: agronomic and environmental implications

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Chan ◽  
T. Wells ◽  
D. Fahey ◽  
S. M. Eldridge ◽  
C. G. Dorahy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Farming Practice

Vegetable production is often located in the peri-urban areas close to large cities. In Sydney, Australia, excessive levels of phosphorus (P) have been reported in the soils, and vegetable farms have long been regarded as a potential source of the P that enters Sydney’s waterways. We report vegetable production under varying soil P conditions and the consequent changes in soil P, as well as water quality of runoff and leachate after growing 5 crops in a field trial where inputs in the form of garden organic compost were compared to current farmers’ practice. No difference in vegetable yield was observed between 100 and 400 mg/kg of soil Colwell P (0–0.10 m); therefore, our results indicate that the excessive soil P levels in the vegetable farms around Sydney are not important for optimal vegetable production. Results from runoff and leachate studies clearly demonstrate that high concentrations of P in soils used for vegetable production under the current farming practice around Sydney have increased the potential to export P and to negatively affect water quality of receiving environments. The significant increases in soluble P concentrations found in the soil and runoff water from the current farming practice can be attributed to the use of poultry litter. In contrast, using compost in place of poultry litter resulted in significantly reduced soil P accumulation and P concentration in runoff and leachate. Training and education programs for farmers and their advisors are recommended to encourage more sustainable fertiliser management practices and reduce the accumulation of P in the environment.

Indice de qualité de l'eau pour détecter l'impact de la pollution diffuse urbaine

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Couillard ◽  
Yves Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Qualité De L’Eau ◽  
Combined Sewer

This study fits into the scheme of research work being carried out to control stormwater rejects. Its main objective is to represent, with the help of a water quality index, the deterioration of the quality of the Saint-Charles River, caused by the combined sewer overflows of Quebec City, Canada, during a rainstorm. The proposed quality index has been applied to evaluate the recreational use of the river.The overall results obtained in the case of a 20 mm rain show index values that characterize a water of poor quality. Moreover, within the region of the combined sewer overflow, a minimum delay of 24 h is necessary to allow the water quality of the Saint-Charles River to return to the level where it was at the dry period, which generally has a value less than the critical value for recreative use. Key words: water quality index, urban runoff, water pollution, nonpoint source of pollution, water quality, water use, environmental impact, pollution control.

Change Law Research and Characteristic Analysis of Urban Pavement Runoff Pollution

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2418-2422
Author(s):  
Gui Xia Ji ◽  
Chun Lei Xu ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Da Wei Si ◽  
Yi Cheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Exponential Change ◽  
The University ◽  
Main Influence

Through the pavement runoff monitoring of USST（the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology） courtyard pavement runoff and JunGong road runoff, the analysis of main influence factors and pollution degree, this article indicate that underling surface, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and rainfall are important influencing factors of initial runoff water quality. Organic and suspended solid are the main pollutants of urban runoff. COD, SS and turbidity are the main pollution index, and they present exponential change law and finally achieved stability along with the delay of rainfall. The more heavily it rains, the more quickly water quality become stabilization. Stable water quality are influenced by rainfall character and pavement character. The more heavily it rains, the better stable water quality is. The more dust pavement contain, the worse stable water quality is. Stable water quality of courtyard pavement runoff are better than street runoff.

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