Study of runoff water quality of the flushing from the street inlets in urban area.

Vegetable production is often located in the peri-urban areas close to large cities. In Sydney, Australia, excessive levels of phosphorus (P) have been reported in the soils, and vegetable farms have long been regarded as a potential source of the P that enters Sydney’s waterways. We report vegetable production under varying soil P conditions and the consequent changes in soil P, as well as water quality of runoff and leachate after growing 5 crops in a field trial where inputs in the form of garden organic compost were compared to current farmers’ practice. No difference in vegetable yield was observed between 100 and 400 mg/kg of soil Colwell P (0–0.10 m); therefore, our results indicate that the excessive soil P levels in the vegetable farms around Sydney are not important for optimal vegetable production. Results from runoff and leachate studies clearly demonstrate that high concentrations of P in soils used for vegetable production under the current farming practice around Sydney have increased the potential to export P and to negatively affect water quality of receiving environments. The significant increases in soluble P concentrations found in the soil and runoff water from the current farming practice can be attributed to the use of poultry litter. In contrast, using compost in place of poultry litter resulted in significantly reduced soil P accumulation and P concentration in runoff and leachate. Training and education programs for farmers and their advisors are recommended to encourage more sustainable fertiliser management practices and reduce the accumulation of P in the environment.

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Indice de qualité de l'eau pour détecter l'impact de la pollution diffuse urbaine

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l86-097 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 631-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Denis Couillard ◽

Yves Lefebvre

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Research Work ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Quebec City ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Qualité De L’Eau ◽

Combined Sewer

This study fits into the scheme of research work being carried out to control stormwater rejects. Its main objective is to represent, with the help of a water quality index, the deterioration of the quality of the Saint-Charles River, caused by the combined sewer overflows of Quebec City, Canada, during a rainstorm. The proposed quality index has been applied to evaluate the recreational use of the river.The overall results obtained in the case of a 20 mm rain show index values that characterize a water of poor quality. Moreover, within the region of the combined sewer overflow, a minimum delay of 24 h is necessary to allow the water quality of the Saint-Charles River to return to the level where it was at the dry period, which generally has a value less than the critical value for recreative use. Key words: water quality index, urban runoff, water pollution, nonpoint source of pollution, water quality, water use, environmental impact, pollution control.

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Extreme Hydro-Meteorological Events Influence to Water Quality of Small Rivers in Urban Area: A Case Study in Northeast Poland

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-67190-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Puczko ◽

Elżbieta Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Urban Area ◽

Small Rivers

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Change Law Research and Characteristic Analysis of Urban Pavement Runoff Pollution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2418 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2418-2422

Author(s):

Gui Xia Ji ◽

Chun Lei Xu ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

Da Wei Si ◽

Yi Cheng Lu

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Exponential Change ◽

The University ◽

Main Influence

Through the pavement runoff monitoring of USST（the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology） courtyard pavement runoff and JunGong road runoff, the analysis of main influence factors and pollution degree, this article indicate that underling surface, rainfall duration, rainfall intensity and rainfall are important influencing factors of initial runoff water quality. Organic and suspended solid are the main pollutants of urban runoff. COD, SS and turbidity are the main pollution index, and they present exponential change law and finally achieved stability along with the delay of rainfall. The more heavily it rains, the more quickly water quality become stabilization. Stable water quality are influenced by rainfall character and pavement character. The more heavily it rains, the better stable water quality is. The more dust pavement contain, the worse stable water quality is. Stable water quality of courtyard pavement runoff are better than street runoff.

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Effect of Green Roof Configuration and Hydrological Variables on Runoff Water Quantity and Quality

Water ◽

10.3390/w10070960 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 960 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pascual Ferrans ◽

Carlos Rey ◽

Gabriel Pérez ◽

Juan Rodríguez ◽

Mario Díaz-Granados

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Green Roof ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Substrate Type ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Modular Systems ◽

Hydrological Variables

Green roofs (GRs) are a feasible solution for mitigating increased runoff volumes in urban areas. Though many studies have focused their analysis on the quantity and quality of GR runoff, with respect to the relevance of specific site conditions in GR performance, the information gathered for the tropical Andes is not sufficient. This study assessed the hydrological performance and runoff water quality of 12 green roof modular systems located at the Universidad de los Andes campus (Bogotá, Colombia). Based on 223 rainfall events spanning a 3-year period, average rainfall retention was 85% (coefficient of variation = 29%). t-tests, the Welch Test, multiple linear regressions, and correlation analysis were performed in order to assess the potential effect of air temperature, substrate type, vegetation cover, relative humidity, antecedent dry weather period (ADWP), rainfall duration, and rainfall maximum intensity. In some cases, GR design variables (i.e., substrate type and vegetation cover) were found to be significant for describing rainfall retention efficiencies and, depending on the GR type, some hydrological variables were also correlated with rainfall retention. Rainfall and GR runoff from 12 rainfall events were also monitored for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, total phosphorus (TP), phosphates, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), color, turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliforms, metals (i.e., zinc, copper, nickel, lead, selenium, aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, strontium, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results obtained confirmed that GR systems have the ability to neutralize pH, but are a source of the rest of the aforementioned parameters, excluding PAHs (with concentrations below detection limits), ammonia, TSS, selenium and lithium, where differences with control cases (rainfall and plastic panel runoff) were not statistically significant. Substrate type, event size, and rainfall regime are relevant variables for explaining runoff water quality.

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Water Quality of Surface Runoff from Grazed Fescue Grassland Watersheds in Alberta

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2002.036 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 543-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Emmanuel Mapfumo ◽

Walter D. Willms ◽

David S. Chanasyk

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Heavy Grazing

Abstract A study was conducted at Stavely Research Station, Alberta, to determine the quantity and quality of surface runoff from small grassland watersheds under three grazing intensities, viz. ungrazed, heavy grazing (2.4 animal unit months per hectare, AUM ha-1) and very heavy grazing (4.8 AUM ha-1). The volume of surface runoff varied each year (1998, 1999 and 2000) and also differed across watersheds, with lower runoff in the ungrazed compared with the heavy and very heavy grazed watersheds. Total dissolved solids in surface runoff water ranged between 34 to 360 mg L-1, and that for runoff from the very heavy grazed watershed was greater than that from other watersheds. Electrical conductivity increased with increased grazing intensity on the watershed. In two of three years the very heavy grazed watershed had greater nitrate concentrations than the other two watersheds. In all three years the levels of nitrate were lower than the maximum acceptable level for drinking water (10 mg L-1 as nitrogen). Levels of orthophosphate (PO43-) in surface runoff from all three watersheds and the three years of study were less than 1 mg L-1, and mostly within the range considered typical for rivers and streams. Total carbon (up to 500 mg L-1) was greater than the amounts considered typical for streams and rivers, and most of it was organic carbon. Nuisance organisms such as algae, nematodes, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and rotifers were detected in some surface runoff samples. However, no crustaceans were detected. The results of a canonical correlation analysis indicated that the dominant external forcing factors (meteorological and management) in influencing water quality were year of study, water temperature and grazing. Surface runoff discharge did not influence water quality measurements. The dominant water quality parameters were found to be total carbon, organic carbon, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Overall, this study indicated that during the three years, the surface runoff volumes from the watersheds were small and grazing of these watersheds posed little risk of nutrient (e.g., nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphate) contamination of adjacent streams, but organic carbon loading and dissolved solids may be of concern. The presence of parasites was detected in two or less runoff water samples each year, and thus pose little risk of contamination of adjacent streams. However, it may be necessary to monitor parasites especially in areas under cow-calf operations.

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