Collection and Analysis of Urban Runoff Data in Finland

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Melanen
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City ◽  
City Centres ◽  
Sewer Networks

An extensive three-year urban hydrology programme was carried out in Finland. Data were collected and analysed on the quantity and quality of precipitation and runoff water at seven urban test catchments. During rainfall events, on the average, the proportion of surfaces generating direct runoff was found to account for 50-80 per cent of the proportion of paved surfaces in the residential catchments, and for 80-90 per cent in the city centres. Under Finnish conditions, the pollutant loads discharged to recipients with untreated runoff waters are relatively minor in comparison to those of purified waste waters, regarding organic matter and nutrients. Further measures in the Finnish sewage works should thus be focused on other factors, such as increasing the effectiveness of the existing waste water treatment plants, and decreasing the amount of leakage inflows to sewer networks.

Composting of Sewage Sludge of Moscow Waste Water Treatment Plants Using Recycling Filler

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Danilovich ◽  
M.N. Kozlov ◽  
V.I. Sklyar ◽  
Yu.A. Nikolaev ◽  
N.M. Shchegolkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City

This work demonstrates a possibility of composting of municipal waste waters sludge (WWS) digested during 5-7 days, of the Kuryanovo waste water treatment plants (the city of Moscow) without the use of traditional organic additives – sawdust, peat, thatch. As a recycling filler (repeatedly used), enhancing the porosity of the composted mixture, ribbed polyethylene spheres (∅=8 cm) and wood chips (having dimension of 5-10 cm) were used. Composting was performed efficiently in both cases, however, the use of wood ships had technological and economical advantages. The process of composting was carried out during 2-4 weeks and was composed of classical phases of active heating (a rate of 0.2-0.3oC/h was obtained), maintaining of maximum temperature during 1-2 days, and cooling down to the ambient temperature. During the course of composting, a product was obtained, having attractive organoleptic properties, suitable for application in municipal laying-out of greenery.

Effect of age and rainfall pH on contaminant yields from metal roofs

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2166-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wicke ◽  
Thomas A. Cochrane ◽  
Aisling D. O'Sullivan ◽  
Simon Cave ◽  
Mark Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Metal Mobilization ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Roof Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Effect Of Age

Metal roofs are recognized for conveying significant metal loads to urban streams through stormwater runoff. Metal concentrations in urban runoff depend on roof types and prevailing weather conditions but the combined effects of roof age and rainfall pH on metal mobilization are not well understood. To investigate these effects on roof runoff, water quality was analysed from galvanized iron and copper roofs following rainfall events and also from simulating runoff using a rainfall simulator on specially constructed roof modules. Zinc and copper yields under different pH regimes were investigated for two roof materials and two different ages. Metal mobilization from older roofs was greater than new roofs with 55-year-old galvanized roof surfaces yielding more Zn, on average increasing by 45% and 30% under a rainfall pH of 4 and 8, respectively. Predominantly dissolved (85–95%) Zn and Cu concentrations in runoff exponentially increased as the rainfall pH decreased. Results also confirmed that copper guttering and downpipes associated with galvanized steel roof systems can substantially increase copper levels in roof runoff. Understanding the dynamics of roof surfaces as a function of weathering and rainfall pH regimes can help developers with making better choices about roof types and materials for stormwater improvement.

scholarly journals Comparison of bioindicator eukaryotes of activated sludge biocenoses on two water-treatment plants: a case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Y. Achmadulina ◽  
Rustem K. Zakirov ◽  
Elena S. Balymova ◽  
Vera Denisova ◽  
Taťjána Brovdyová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Activated sludge biocenoses were compared on waste-water treatment plants in the city of Kazan, Russian Federation and the city of Teplice, Czech Republic. Based on Palia-Kovnatski index, Acanthamoeba in Kazan, Epistylis in Teplice, and Acanthamoeba and Centropyxis were dominant genera in both plants. The major subdominant generas identified were Arcella, Opercularia and Aspidisca. This indicates high nitrification ability, high water purification potential and matured activated sludge. Chemical composition of the waste-water was identified as the main factor determining the sludge biocenoses diversity. Higher sludge biodiversity (Shannon, Margalef, and Sorensen indexes) was found in Kazan corresponding to more concentrated inflow water.

scholarly journals An on-line solid phase extraction method coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS for the determination of steroid hormone compounds in treated water samples from waste water treatment plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 5996-6005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayco Guedes-Alonso ◽  
Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera ◽  
José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
On Line

An on-line solid phase extraction coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of fourteen hormones in waste waters has been developed.

scholarly journals A Technique of the Ore-mining and Processing Plant Waste Water Treatment

2015 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Processing Plants

A technique for mining/processing plants waste waters treatment has been presented. The proposed solution is based on separate processing of wastes different by the composition with the use of increased quantities of an alkalizating agent. This technique use will enable to improve the quality of water discharged in water bodies up to MPC and to decrease the waste waters adverse impact upon water bodies.

Analysis of rainwater quality according to seasonality in the city of Rio de Janeiro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALFREDO AKIRA OHNUMA JUNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

Critical periods and abnormal rainfall events have been observed in the South-East of Brazil in recent years and this has affected both the amount and quality of the volume of water in the water supply systems. This study seeks to assess the influence of seasonal factors on the quality of rainfall at a water treatment plant, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ. The methodology involved collecting rainfall samples between January 2017 and December 2018, at four specific points in the system. The parameters were analyzed statistically and followed seasonal patterns for each of the seasons of the year, and included: pH, turbidity, and electric conductivity. The results suggest that there is an urgent need to dispose of the initial volume stored in the devices of the first flush. The water contained in the tank was of a satisfactory standard for non-drinkable purposes despite the effects of seasonality on the quality of the rainfall water.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Roof Configuration and Hydrological Variables on Runoff Water Quantity and Quality

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Ferrans ◽  
Carlos Rey ◽  
Gabriel Pérez ◽  
Juan Rodríguez ◽  
Mario Díaz-Granados
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Hydrological Variables

Green roofs (GRs) are a feasible solution for mitigating increased runoff volumes in urban areas. Though many studies have focused their analysis on the quantity and quality of GR runoff, with respect to the relevance of specific site conditions in GR performance, the information gathered for the tropical Andes is not sufficient. This study assessed the hydrological performance and runoff water quality of 12 green roof modular systems located at the Universidad de los Andes campus (Bogotá, Colombia). Based on 223 rainfall events spanning a 3-year period, average rainfall retention was 85% (coefficient of variation = 29%). t-tests, the Welch Test, multiple linear regressions, and correlation analysis were performed in order to assess the potential effect of air temperature, substrate type, vegetation cover, relative humidity, antecedent dry weather period (ADWP), rainfall duration, and rainfall maximum intensity. In some cases, GR design variables (i.e., substrate type and vegetation cover) were found to be significant for describing rainfall retention efficiencies and, depending on the GR type, some hydrological variables were also correlated with rainfall retention. Rainfall and GR runoff from 12 rainfall events were also monitored for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, total phosphorus (TP), phosphates, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), color, turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliforms, metals (i.e., zinc, copper, nickel, lead, selenium, aluminum, barium, boron, calcium, strontium, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results obtained confirmed that GR systems have the ability to neutralize pH, but are a source of the rest of the aforementioned parameters, excluding PAHs (with concentrations below detection limits), ammonia, TSS, selenium and lithium, where differences with control cases (rainfall and plastic panel runoff) were not statistically significant. Substrate type, event size, and rainfall regime are relevant variables for explaining runoff water quality.

Detailed observation and measurement of sewer sediment erosion under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schellart ◽  
R. Veldkamp ◽  
M. Klootwijk ◽  
F. Clemens ◽  
S. Tait ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Erosion Behaviour ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Sewer Networks

A greater understanding of the erosion behaviour of sewer sediments is necessary in order to reliably estimate the amount and nature of the sewer sediments released from deposits in sewers and transported either to waste water treatment plants or discharged into the environment. Research has indicated that microbial activity in sediment can influence the physical release of sediment from in-pipe deposits. This paper reports on a series of erosion tests in which sewer sediments from different sewer networks are kept under different environmental conditions and their resistance to erosion is examined. The erosion tests are carried out under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and two temperatures, one representing ambient sewer temperatures and a lower temperature that significantly suppresses bacterial activity.

Effects of adding mineral adsorbents to porous concrete for enhancing the quality performance of urban runoff systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497
Author(s):  
Sayed-Farhad Mousavi ◽  
Hojat Karami ◽  
Saeed Farzin ◽  
Ehsan Teymouri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Mineral Adsorbents ◽  
Fast Flow

Purpose This study aims to use porous concrete and mineral adsorbents (additives) for reducing the quantity and improving the quality of urban runoff. Design/methodology/approach The effects of adding mineral adsorbents and fine grains to porous concrete is tested for increasing its performance in improving the quality of urban runoff. Two levels of sand (10 and 20 per cent) and 5, 10 and 15 per cent of zeolite, perlite, LECA and pumice were added to the porous concrete. Unconfined compressive strength, hydraulic conductivity (permeability) and porosity of the porous concrete specimens were measured. Some of the best specimens were selected for testing the improvement of runoff quality. A rainfall simulator was designed and the quality of the runoff was investigated for changes in electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Findings The results of this study showed that compressive strength of the porous concrete was increased by adding fine grains to the concrete mixture. Fine grains decreased the permeability and porosity of the samples. Zeolite had the highest compressive strength. Samples having pumice own maximum permeability. Samples which had perlite, had the least compressive strength and permeability. Because of the fast flow of runoff water in the porous slab and its low thickness, sufficient time was not provided for effective functioning of the additives, and the removal percentage of the pollution parameters was low. Originality/value Porous concrete can ameliorate both quantity and quality of the urban runoff.

scholarly journals Rational approach to the solution of the problem of wastewaters management - The Kastela bay case

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Uncontrolled disposal of urban and industrial wastewaters into the sea led to the fact that in mid eighties the Kasštela Bay, near the city of Split, Republic of Croatia, became one of the largest and most widely known pollution “hot-spot” areas of the Mediterranean region. The pollution of the Bay caused “red tide” and mass mortality of marine organisms. Numerous conflicts arose, and the quality of life was reduced due to the changed quality of the sea. Local communities recognized the problem, and the longterm solution of wastewater management has been developed. This solution envisages the collection of all domestic wastewaters at two points in the area, and, after treatment at an appropriate level, their discharge via long submarine outfalls into a less sensitive marine environment. For the implementation of the first phase of the long-term solution, a project “Eco Kaštela Bay” has been launched. The project is financed from local and governmental sources, as well as loans of the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. The present paper describes the area, environmental conditions, and the approach applied in the long-term solution of waste waters management.

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