Winter annual grass-legume bicultures for efficient nitrogen management in no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah N. Ranells ◽  
Michael G. Wagger
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Annual

Fall and Spring Preplant Herbicide Applications Influence Spring Emergence of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
No Till ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Spring Emergence ◽  
Residual Control

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is a common weed in no-till crop production systems. It is problematic because of the frequent occurrence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides and its ability to complete its life cycle as a winter or summer annual weed. Tactics to control horseweed while controlling other winter annual weeds routinely fail; herbicide application timing and spring emergence patterns of horseweed may be responsible. The objectives of this experiment were to (1) determine the influence of fall and spring herbicides with and without soil residual horseweed activity on spring-emerging glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed density and (2) evaluate the efficacy and persistence of saflufenacil on GR horseweed. Field studies were conducted in southern Indiana and Illinois from fall 2006 to summer 2007 and repeated in 2007 to 2008. Six preplant herbicide treatments were applied at four application timings: early fall, late fall, early spring, and late spring. Horseweed plants were counted every 2 wk following the first spring application until the first week of July. Horseweed almost exclusively emerged in the spring at both locations. Spring horseweed emergence was higher when 2,4-D + glyphosate was fall-applied and controlled other winter annual weeds. With fall-applied 2,4-D + glyphosate, over 90% of the peak horseweed density was observed before April 25. In contrast, only 25% of the peak horseweed density was observed in the untreated check by April 25. Starting from the initiation of horseweed emergence in late March, chlorimuron + tribenuron applied early fall or early spring, and spring-applied saflufenacil at 100 g ai/ha provided greater than 90% horseweed control for 12 wk. Early spring–applied saflufenacil at 50 g ai/ha provided 8 wk of greater than 90% residual control, and early spring–applied simazine provided 6 wk of greater than 90% control. When applied in late spring, saflufenacil was the only herbicide treatment that reduced horseweed densities by greater than 90% compared to 2,4-D + glyphosate. We concluded from this research that fall applications of nonresidual herbicides can increase the rate and density of spring emerging horseweed. In addition, spring-applied saflufenacil provides no-till producers with a new preplant herbicide for foliar and residual control of glyphosate- and ALS-resistant horseweed.

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Vernalization: Variation and Genetic Controls

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevin C. Lawrence ◽  
Amber L. Hauvermale ◽  
Ian C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Vernalization Gene ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Winter Annual

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorumL.) is a widely distributed invasive winter annual grass across western North America.Bromus tectorumphenology can vary considerably among populations, and those differences are considered adaptively significant. A consensus hypothesis in the literature attributes the majority of observed differences inB. tectorumphenology to differing vernalization requirements among populations. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to identify differences inB. tectorumvernalization requirements and link vernalization to expression of annual false-brome [Brachypodium distachyon(L.) P. Beauv.]-derived vernalization gene homolog (BdVRN1). Results from this study indicate that variation in time to flowering is partially governed by differing vernalization requirements and that flowering is linked to the expression ofBdVRN1.

The Determinants of the Distribution and Abundance of the Winter Annual Grass Vulpia Ciliata ssp. Ambigua

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Carey ◽  
A. R. Watkinson ◽  
F. F. O. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Annual Grass ◽  
Winter Annual

Expansion of Feral Cereal Rye (Secale cereale L.) on Non-crop Hillsides in Northern Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle C. Roerig ◽  
Corey V. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Northern Utah ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye ◽  
Individual Patch

Feral cereal rye is an aggressive, persistent winter annual grass. Although feral rye has been documented as a weed in Utah cropland for many years, it has only recently been described as a weed of natural areas in Utah. After feral rye was observed on hillside locations where it had not previously been present, research was conducted to evaluate expansion rates in isolated patches and on a landscape scale. Individual patch measurements indicated expansion rates of 17%, 42%, 44%, and 112% in 2009. The landscape expansion rates were 1%, 4%, 8%, 21%, and 50% in the same year. The spread of feral rye appears to have occurred primarily on south- to west-facing slopes where the density and diversity of native species is limited. The expansion of feral rye into natural, undisturbed areas indicates that this species should be closely monitored. The relatively short seed longevity and current small infestations make it a good candidate for early detection/rapid response efforts.

Strategies for Control of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and Other Winter Annual Weeds in No-Till Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted to determine if mesotrione alone or in combinations with other corn herbicides would control horseweed and other winter annual weeds associated with no-till corn. Mesotrione alone controlled horseweed 52 to 80% by 3 wk after treatment (WAT); however, by 7 WAT control diminished to between 37 to 68%, depending on mesotrione rate. Mesotrione at 0.16 kg ai/ha plus atrazine at 0.28 kg ai/ha controlled 99% of horseweed and annual bluegrass and 88% of yellow woodsorrel. Combinations of mesotrione at 0.16 kg/ha plus acetochlor at 1.79 kg ai/ha plus 1.12 kg ai/ha glyphosate (trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate) or 0.7 kg ai/ha paraquat provided 93% or greater control of all three weed species. Glyphosate alone also controlled all weed species 97 to 99%, while paraquat alone provided 99% control of annual bluegrass, 72% control of horseweed, and 36% control of yellow woodsorrel. Mixtures of paraquat plus acetochlor improved control of horseweed (93%) and yellow woodsorrel (73%) over control with either herbicide applied alone.

scholarly journals Seed retention of winter annual grass weeds at winter wheat harvest maturity shows potential for harvest weed seed control

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Soni ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Seed Retention ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye

AbstractDowny brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass are problematic winter annual grasses in central Great Plains winter wheat production. Integrated control strategies are needed to manage winter annual grasses and reduce selection pressure exerted on these weed populations by the limited herbicide options currently available. Harvest weed-seed control (HWSC) methods aim to remove or destroy weed seeds, thereby reducing seed-bank enrichment at crop harvest. An added advantage is the potential to reduce herbicide-resistant weed seeds that are more likely to be present at harvest, thereby providing a nonchemical resistance-management strategy. Our objective was to assess the potential for HWSC of winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat by measuring seed retention at harvest and destruction percentage in an impact mill. During 2015 and 2016, 40 wheat fields in eastern Colorado were sampled. Seed retention was quantified and compared per weed species by counting seed retained above the harvested fraction of the wheat upper canopy (15 cm and above), seed retained below 15 cm, and shattered seed on the soil surface at wheat harvest. A stand-mounted impact mill device was used to determine the percent seed destruction of grass weed species in processed wheat chaff. Averaged across both years, seed retention (±SE) was 75% ± 2.9%, 90% ± 1.7%, and 76% ± 4.3% for downy brome, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass, respectively. Seed retention was most variable for downy brome, because 59% of the samples had at least 75% seed retention, whereas the proportions for feral rye and jointed goatgrass samples with at least 75% seed retention were 93% and 70%, respectively. Weed seed destruction percentages were at least 98% for all three species. These results suggest HWSC could be implemented as an integrated strategy for winter annual grass management in central Great Plains winter wheat cropping systems.

Impacts of Nitrogen Management on No-Till Maize Production Following Forage Cover Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letusa Momesso ◽  
Carlos A.C. Crusciol ◽  
Rogério P. Soratto ◽  
Tony J. Vyn ◽  
Katiuça S. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
No Till

Imazamox for Winter Annual Grass Control in Imidazolinone-Tolerant Winter Wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Anthony D. White ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Craig M. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Feral Rye

Field experiments were conducted at five locations in Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming to determine the effects of imazamox rate and application timing on winter annual grass control and crop response in imidazolinone-tolerant winter wheat. Imazamox at 35, 44, or 53 g ai/ha applied early-fall postemergence (EFP), late-fall postemergence, early-spring postemergence (ESP), or late-spring postemergence (LSP) controlled jointed goatgrass at least 95% in all experiments. Feral rye control with imazamox was 95 to 99%, regardless of rate or application timing at Hays, KS, in 2001. Feral rye control at Sidney, NE, and Torrington, WY, was highest (78 to 85%) with imazamox at 44 or 53 g/ha. At Sidney and Torrington, feral rye control was greatest when imazamox was applied EFP. Imazamox stunted wheat <10% in two experiments at Torrington, but EFP or LSP herbicide treatments in the Sidney experiment and ESP or LSP treatments in two Hays experiments caused moderate (12 to 34%) wheat injury. Wheat injury increased as imazamox rate increased. Wheat receiving imazamox LSP yielded less grain than wheat treated at other application timings in each Hays experiment and at Sidney in 2001. No yield differences occurred in one Torrington experiment. However, yields generally decreased as imazamox application timing was delayed in the other Torrington experiment. Generally, imazamox applied in the fall provided the greatest weed control, caused the least wheat injury, and maximized wheat yield.

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