Localisation of the GABAC receptors at the axon terminal of the rod bipolar cells of the mouse retina

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia F Vaquero ◽  
Pedro de la Villa
Keyword(s):  
Axon Terminal ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Gabac Receptors ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Modulation by Zn2+ of GABA responses in bipolar cells of the mouse retina

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KANEDA ◽  
B. ANDRÁSFALVY ◽  
A. KANEKO
Keyword(s):  
Axon Terminal ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Cell Recording ◽  
Recording Conditions

The localization of endogenous Zn2+ in the mouse retina was examined histochemically and the inhibitory action of Zn2+ on GABA-induced responses was studied in bipolar cells isolated from the mouse retina. Accumulation of endogenous Zn2+ was detected in photoreceptors, bipolar, and/or amacrine cells by either the bromopyridylazo-diethylaminophenol method or the dithizone method. Under whole-cell recording conditions, GABA induced a Cl− current in isolated bipolar cells. The current consisted of two components. The first component was inhibited completely by application of 100 μM bicuculline, suggesting that this is a GABAA-receptor mediated current. The second component was inhibited completely by 100 μM 3-aminopropyl-(methyl)-phosphinic acid, suggesting that this is a GABAC-receptor mediated current. GABAC receptors were present at a higher density on the axon terminal than on dendrites. Zn2+ inhibited both GABAA and GABAC receptors. GABAC receptors were more susceptible to Zn2+; the IC50 for the GABAA receptor was 67.4 μM and that for the GABAC receptor was 1.9 μM. These results suggest that Zn2+ modulates the inhibitory interaction between amacrine and bipolar cells, particularly that mediated by the GABAC receptor.

scholarly journals The Effect of PKCα on the Light Response of Rod Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hong Xiong ◽  
Ji-Jie Pang ◽  
Mark E. Pennesi ◽  
Robert M. Duvoisin ◽  
Samuel M. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Response ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence of GABAA and GABAC receptors on zebrafish retinal bipolar cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTORIA P. CONNAUGHTON ◽  
RALPH NELSON ◽  
ANNA M. BENDER
Keyword(s):  
Axon Terminal ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Inhibitory Circuitry ◽  
Fluorescence Change ◽  
Voltage Probe ◽  
Gabac Receptors ◽  
Conductance Increase ◽  
On And Off Pathways

AbstractTo refine inhibitory circuitry models for ON and OFF pathways in zebrafish retina, GABAergic properties of zebrafish bipolar cells were studied with two techniques: whole cell patch responses to GABA puffs in retinal slice, and voltage probe responses in isolated cells. Retinal slices documented predominantly axon terminal responses; isolated cells revealed mainly soma-dendritic responses. In the slice, GABA elicited a conductance increase, GABA responses were more robust at axon terminals than dendrites, and Erev varied with [Cl−]in. Axon terminals of ON- and OFF-type cells were similarly sensitive to GABA (30–40 pA peak current); axotomized cells were unresponsive. Bicuculline-sensitive, picrotoxin-sensitive, and picrotoxin-insensitive components were identified. Muscimol was as effective as GABA; baclofen was ineffective. Isolated bipolar cells were either intact or axotomized. Even in cells without an axon, GABA or muscimol (but not baclofen) hyperpolarized dendritic and somatic regions, suggesting significant distal expression. Median fluorescence change for GABA was −0.22 log units (∼ −16 mV); median half-amplitude dose was 0.4 μM. Reduced [Cl−]out blocked GABA responses. GABA hyperpolarized isolated ON-bipolar cells; OFF-cells were either unresponsive or depolarized. Hyperpolarizing GABA responses in isolated cells were bicuculline and TPMPA insensitive, but blocked or partially blocked by picrotoxin or zinc. In summary, axon terminals contain bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptors and both picrotoxin-sensitive and insensitive GABAC receptors. Dendritic processes express zinc- and picrotoxin-sensitive GABAC receptors.

Unique functional properties of the APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways signaling light decrements in mouse retinal ganglion cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUO-YONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells ◽  
Rod Pathway ◽  
Cone Bipolar Cells

Light decrements are mediated by two distinct groups of rod pathways in the dark-adapted retina that can be differentiated on the basis of their sensitivity to the glutamate agonist DL-2-amino-phosphonobutyric (APB). By means of the APB sensitive pathway, rods transmit light decrementsviarod bipolar cells to AII amacrine cells, then to Off cone bipolar cells, which in turn innervate the dendrites of Off ganglion cells. APB hyperpolarizes rod bipolar cells, thus blocking this rod pathway. With APB insensitive pathways, rods either directly synapse onto Off cone bipolar cells, or rods pass light decrement signal to cones by gap junctions. In the present study, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from ganglion cells in the dark-adapted mouse retina to investigate the functional properties of APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways. The results revealed several clear-cut differences between the APB sensitive and APB insensitive rod pathways. The latency of Off responses to a flashing spot of light was significantly shorter for the APB insensitive pathways than those for the APB sensitive pathway. Moreover, Off responses of the APB insensitive pathways were found to be capable of following substantially higher stimulus frequencies. Nitric oxide was found to selectively block Off responses in the APB sensitive rod pathway. Collectively, these results provide evidence that the APB sensitive and insensitive rod pathways can convey different types of information signaling light decrements in the dark-adapted retina.

scholarly journals Cross-synaptic synchrony and transmission of signal and noise across the mouse retina

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N Grimes ◽  
Mrinalini Hoon ◽  
Kevin L Briggman ◽  
Rachel O Wong ◽  
Fred Rieke
Keyword(s):  
Single Neuron ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synaptic Noise ◽  
Mammalian Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Cross-synaptic synchrony—correlations in transmitter release across output synapses of a single neuron—is a key determinant of how signal and noise traverse neural circuits. The anatomical connectivity between rod bipolar and A17 amacrine cells in the mammalian retina, specifically that neighboring A17s often receive input from many of the same rod bipolar cells, provides a rare technical opportunity to measure cross-synaptic synchrony under physiological conditions. This approach reveals that synchronization of rod bipolar cell synapses is near perfect in the dark and decreases with increasing light level. Strong synaptic synchronization in the dark minimizes intrinsic synaptic noise and allows rod bipolar cells to faithfully transmit upstream signal and noise to downstream neurons. Desynchronization in steady light lowers the sensitivity of the rod bipolar output to upstream voltage fluctuations. This work reveals how cross-synaptic synchrony shapes retinal responses to physiological light inputs and, more generally, signaling in complex neural networks.

scholarly journals Depolarizing effect of GABA in rod bipolar cells of the mouse retina

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 2659-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Varela ◽  
Román Blanco ◽  
Pedro De la Villa
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

Localization of protein kinase C to UV-sensitive photoreceptors in the mouse retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. WIKLER ◽  
D.L. STULL ◽  
B.E. REESE ◽  
P.T. JOHNSON ◽  
E. BOGENMANN
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Elements ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

The present study has identified a population of cone photoreceptors in the murine retina that are uniquely immunoreactive for protein kinase C (PKC). Wavelength-sensitive cone subtypes are segregated along the dorso-ventral axis in the mouse retina with ventral retina occupied exclusively by ultraviolet wavelength-sensitive (UVWS) cones, and dorsal retina dominated by middle wavelength-sensitive cones. PKC-positive cones are found primarily in the ventral retina, and double-label immunocytochemistry using a short wavelength-sensitive opsin antibody confirms that they specifically correspond to the UVWS cone subtype. The PKC antibody, as documented in other mammals, also identifies rod bipolar cells in the mouse retina. UVWS cones and bipolar cells have previously been shown to share transcriptional regulatory elements, as observed in transgenic mice encoding a portion of the human SWS-opsin promoter controlling the lacZ reporter gene. In such mice, the transgene product, β-galactosidase, is expressed in populations of both cones and bipolar cells. The present study confirms that lacZ-expressing photoreceptors are indeed PKC-positive photoreceptors, but that the lacZ-expressing bipolar cells are not the PKC-positive rod bipolar cells. These cells must correspond to a type of cone bipolar cell.

Protein Kinase C-like immunoreactivity in rod bipolar cells of the rat retina: A developmental study

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danru Zhang ◽  
Hermes H. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Axon Terminal ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Rod Bipolar Cells

AbstractIn the retina of a variety of vertebrate species, a monoclonal antibody against protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to label preferentially bipolar cells. Although the functional consequences of PKC activation in these cells is yet to be revealed, the present study was motivated in part by the possibility that the antibody might be used as a selective marker for examining the development of bipolar cells in the rat retina. Here, the developmental pattern and the dynamic changes of retinal cells expressing PKC-like immunoreactivity (PKC-LI) were studied and analyzed throughout postnatal life until adulthood. Upon its initial detection by immunohistochemistry on postnatal day (PD)-10, faint PKC-LI was limited to the central region of the retina, labeling cell bodies located at the scleral margin of the inner nuclear layer (INL) adjacent to the outer plexiform layer (OPL). On subsequent days, PKC-LI spread progressively to the peripheral retina and axon terminal bulbs at the vitreal margin of theinner plexiform layer (IPL) began showing the first signs of immunoreactive labeling. Not until PD-15, the time of eye opening, did PKC-LI in these cells increase to the extent such that their thin axons were immunoreactive. Each of these axons traversed the entire thickness of the IPL and divided into two or three short branches before ending as enlarged terminal bulbs. The morphology and the location of PKC-LI cells in both the developing and adult retina observed in our study are consistent with them being rod bipolar cells. By the end of the fourth postnatal week, the rod bipolar cells appeared mature, resembling those found in the adult. Overall, more dynamic changes occurred at the axon terminal bulbs than at the cell bodies during the maturational process of rod bipolar cells. Interestingly, PKIC-LI was expressed precociusly in these cells when rat pups were reared in complete darkness starting from the day of birth.

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