phosphinic acid
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2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chung Chen ◽  
Chin-Hsien Lin ◽  
Shey-Lin Wu

Background and Purpose: Cases of acute pesticide poisoning account for significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries; however, its burden in Taiwan remains unknown. The study examined acute pesticide poisoning (APP) involving adults in the central region of Taiwan, which is a mainly agricultural sub-urban area.Methods: The retrospective study evaluated the outcome and neurological sequelae of patients with APP in a Taiwanese cohort between April 2002 and February 2019. The pesticides were classified according to the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee Mode of Action (MoA) classification. The clinical characteristics, duration of hospitalization (days), follow-up duration (years), in-hospital mortality, neurological sequela, and imaging findings were recorded. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: We identified 299 patients with APP comprising 206 (68.9%) adult men with a mean exposure age of 56.4 ± 16.8 years. Paraquat, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carmabates, and phosphinic acid were the most commonly known reported poisoning agents. The mortality rate was highest in users with paraquat (77.1%), followed by phosphinic acid (22.2%), carbamates (16.7%), and organophosphates (15.8%). After a mean follows up of 3.69 ± 2.26 years, the most common neurological sequela was a cognitive decline (56 among 225 survivors, 24.89%), peripheral neuropathy (11 among 225 survivors, 4.89%), tremor (10 among 225 survivors, 4.44%), ataxia (3/225, 1.33%), and parkinsonism feature (2/225, 0.89%). Brain imaging studies revealed basal ganglion lesions on CT or hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI images in 26 among 46 patients (56.5%). The basal ganglion lesions on brain imaging had a positive correlation with neurological sequelae.Conclusion: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP)-related mortality is high especially paraquat intoxication, and cognitive decline, as well as peripheral neuropathy, were the most common neurological sequelae among survivors, which is highly correlated with basal ganglia lesions on brain imaging.


Author(s):  
Stamatia Vassiliou ◽  
Aikaterini Pagoni ◽  
Ewelina Węglarz-Tomczak ◽  
Michał Talma ◽  
Wojciech Tabor ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
I. P. Kudryavtseva ◽  
I. V. Zaikonnikova ◽  
L. S. Afonskaya

In recent years, there have been reports of the antimicrobial action of some organic phosphorus compounds from the group of phosphinic acid derivatives (Dok and Fridman, 1952; S. M. Vyaseleva et al., 1960).


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bitam ◽  
Ahmad Elbahnsi ◽  
Geordie Creste ◽  
Iwona Pranke ◽  
Benoit Chevalier ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110288
Author(s):  
Xue-Wu Yin ◽  
Juan Xue ◽  
Xiu-Li Wang ◽  
Yu-Zhong Wang

With increased public awareness of fire-safety, flame retardant materials have been widely used and developed. Among them, a polyester called CPET, synthesized by the copolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate and 2-carboxyethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid, has a good fire-safety and has been employed in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. However, the fabricated fiber made of CPET simultaneously possessing good flame retardancy and mechanical properties is a dilemma. Herein, we resolve this problem through the reactive blending of CPET with a type of thermotropic liquid crystal copolyester (PPDT) and subsequently solid-state polymerization (SSP). Thus, the fire-safety of the CPET/PPDTSSP blend improves greatly. The peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release decrease by 31.2%, 16.3%, and 11.0%, respectively, compared with those of CPET. Meanwhile, the CPET/PPDTSSP shows better crystallization and mechanical properties than CPET. The strength at yield and Young’s modulus of CPET/PPDTSSP increase by 20.0% and 15.8%, respectively. This blend shows great potential in the fabrication of fire-safety fibers with high strength.


Author(s):  
Manas Chatterjee ◽  
Shekhar Neema ◽  
Gopalsing Rameshsing Rajput

Background: Melasma is the commonest cause of facial hypermelanosis in skin type IV-VI. First-line treatment includes a triple combination containing topical corticosteroid and hydroquinone which have side effects on prolonged use. Chemical peels are a second-line management option with the laser being used in refractory cases, but the worsening of hyperpigmentation in darker skin types can occur following laser therapy. Sunscreen is a must to prevent relapses. Aims and Objectives: (i) To compare the effects of treatment with a proprietary combination (phenyl ethyl resorcinol, nonapeptide-1, aminoethyl phosphinic acid, antioxidants and sunscreen) versus sunscreen alone in limiting or reducing, melasma and preventing recurrence as a maintenance regimen after the initial use of triple combination,(ii) to evaluate the safety of the formulation studied, and (iii) to study the improvement of the quality of life of the patients after using the study formulation versus placebo. Methods: It was a prospective double-blinded parallel-group randomized controlled pilot study. A total of 46 subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling methods and randomized to 23 each in case and control groups. The study period was eight months with three phases. Phase 1 constituted the application of triple combination for eight weeks by both groups followed by phase 2 with the case group applying proprietary medicine and the control group applying sunscreen. Phase 3 was a follow-up period to see the sustenance of results in both groups as well as any evidence of relapses. Sunscreen was applied in all three phases. Results: Case group in the study showed improvement in the melasma severity score and mean melanin index as measured by mexameter but it did not attain statistical significance as compared to the control group. The melasma area and severity index score showed a consistent reduction in the case group, whereas it increased in the control group from baseline. Limitations: Small sample size and a short follow-up period of our study were major limitations. Conclusion: The proprietary combination, which has sunscreen as one of its constituents, is more effective in maintaining remission after triple combination without any added inconvenience of application of two separate preparations as compared to sunscreen alone.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Dongdong Wei ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  

Poly[tetra(tetramethylcyclosiloxyl-piperazin)-phosphinic acid methyl ether) (PNCTSi) was successfully synthesized, and its chemical structure was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) spectroscopy. The flammability and thermal decomposition behaviors of cotton fabrics treated with PNCTSi were systematically evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cone calorimetry. As a result, the LOI value reached 30.1% and the char length decreased to 10.3 cm when cotton fabrics were treated in 300 g/L of PNCTSi solution for 30 min. According to TGA results, the residual rate of treated cotton fabrics at 800 °C increased to 16.4%. The peak heat release rate (PHRR) and CO2/CO ratio significantly decreased.


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