Human immune response in schistosomiasis: the role of P24 in the modulation of cellular reactivity to Schistosoma mansoni antigens

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.láudia Soares Zouain ◽  
Shauma Gustavson ◽  
David Nascimento Silva-Teixeira ◽  
Christiane Contigli ◽  
Virmondes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Crawford

‘Kill or be killed’ shows how viruses survive—they must reproduce before the host either dies or its immune system recognizes and eliminates them. The transmission routes of viruses such as flu, measles, common cold, herpes simplex virus, HIV, Epstein–Barr, and hepatitis B are discussed. How do we fight viruses? All living organisms have defences against invading viruses. Vertebrates, and possibly some invertebrates, are immune to re-infection by the same virus. Another protective mechanism, used by plants, but also by insects and other animal species, is gene silencing by RNA interference. The human immune response is explained, discussing the role of lymphocytes and immunopathology, where the immune response may actually harm the body.


1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA B. MOYES ◽  
LUCIA F. ALVES‐OLIVEIRA ◽  
JUCARA C. PARRA ◽  
GIOVANNI GAZZINELLI ◽  
BARBARA L. DOUGHTY

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Burioni ◽  
Eric J. Topol

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Williamson

This review considers the steps required to evaluate a candidate biodefense vaccine or therapy as it emerges from the research phase, in order to transition it to development. The options for preclinical modelling of efficacy are considered in the context of the FDA’s Animal Rule.


1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 386???392 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD H. CALABRESE ◽  
SUSAN M. KLEINER ◽  
BARBARA P. BARNA ◽  
CHRISTINE I. SKIBINSKI ◽  
DONALD T. KIRKENDALL ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Fenner ◽  
David I Rosen ◽  
Anthony A Ferrante ◽  
Amy E Stevens ◽  
Chad E Bigelow ◽  
...  

AbstractDevelopment of field portable apparatus and methods for cytokine assay of human saliva by fluorescent-reporting microarray plates is described. Multiplexed assay of 12 cytokines for minimally-processed saliva is read with a CCD-based imager under LED excitation. Immune responsive cytokines are measured at levels significant for indication of human disease state. The motivational context for the new apparatus development, the general optical design issues, saliva protocol, and image analysis are described.


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