Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a reduced-dose 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) primary series followed by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPS) booster on nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage. For this purpose, Fijian infants aged 6 weeks were randomized to receive 0, 1, 2, or 3 PCV doses. Within each group, half received 23vPPS at 12 months. NP swabs were taken at 6, 9, 12, and 17 months and were cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates were serotyped by multiplex PCR and a reverse line blot assay. There were no significant differences in PCV vaccine type (VT) carriage between the 3- and 2-dose groups at 12 months. NP VT carriage was significantly higher (P, <0.01) in the unvaccinated group than in the 3-dose group at the age of 9 months. There appeared to be a PCV dose effect in the cumulative proportion of infants carrying the VT, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. Non-PCV serotype (NVT) carriage rates were similar for all PCV groups. When groups were pooled by receipt or nonreceipt of 23vPPS at 12 months, there were no differences in pneumococcal, VT, or NVT carriage rates between the 2 groups at the age of 17 months. In conclusion, there appeared to be a PCV dose effect on VT carriage, with less VT carriage occurring with more doses of PCV. By the age of 17 months, NVT carriage rates were similar for all groups. 23vPPS had no impact on carriage, despite the substantial boosts in antibody levels.

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A Review of Pneumococcal Vaccines: Current Polysaccharide Vaccine Recommendations and Future Protein Antigens

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.5863/1551-6776-21.1.27 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Calvin C. Daniels ◽

P. David Rogers ◽

Chasity M. Shelton

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Pneumococcal Infections ◽

Serotype Replacement ◽

Vaccine Recommendations ◽

Vaccine Antigens

This review describes development of currently available pneumococcal vaccines, provides summary tables of current pneumococcal vaccine recommendations in children and adults, and describes new potential vaccine antigens in the pipeline. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the bacteria responsible for pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and bacteremia, remains a cause of morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Introductions of unconjugated and conjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have each reduced the rate of pneumococcal infections caused by the organism S. pneumoniae. The first vaccine developed, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), protected adults and children older than 2 years of age against invasive disease caused by the 23 capsular serotypes contained in the vaccine. Because PPSV23 did not elicit a protective immune response in children younger than 2 years of age, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) containing seven of the most common serotypes from PPSV23 in pediatric invasive disease was developed for use in children younger than 2 years of age. The last vaccine to be developed, the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), contains the seven serotypes in PCV7, five additional serotypes from PPSV23, and a new serotype not contained in PPSV23 or PCV7. Serotype replacement with virulent strains that are not contained in the polysaccharide vaccines has been observed after vaccine implementation and stresses the need for continued research into novel vaccine antigens. We describe eight potential protein antigens that are in the pipeline for new pneumococcal vaccines.

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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine triggers a better immune response than pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia A randomized study by the Swedish CLL group

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (25) ◽

pp. 3701-3707 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tobias Svensson ◽

Magdalena Kättström ◽

Ylva Hammarlund ◽

Daniel Roth ◽

P.-O. Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine

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Assessment of Antibody Response Elicited by a 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.12.1.165-170.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 165-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

David Tarragó ◽

Julio Casal ◽

Jesús Ruiz-Contreras ◽

J. Tomás Ramos ◽

Pablo Rojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Vaccine Immunogenicity ◽

Functional Antibodies

ABSTRACT We investigated antibody responses against pneumococci of serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F in 56 children and adolescents with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Overall immune responses differed greatly between serotypes. Correlation coefficients between immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and functional antibodies measured by a flow cytometry opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) varied with serotype and time points studied. After 3 months of administering a second PCV7 dose we got the highest correlation (with significant r values of 0.754, 0.414, and 0.593 for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively) but no significant increase in IgG concentration and OPA titers compared to the first dose. We defined a responder to a serotype included in the vaccine with two criteria: frequency of at least twofold OPA and ELISA increases for each serotype and frequency of conversion from negative to positive OPA levels. Responders varied from 43.9% to 46.3%, 28.5% to 50.0%, and 38.0% to 50.0% for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively, depending on the response criterion. The present research highlights the importance of demonstrating vaccine immunogenicity with suitable immunological endpoints in immunocompromised patients and also the need to define how much antibody is required for protection from different serotypes, since immunogenicity differed significantly between serotypes.

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