Resource partitioning of four sympatric bark beetles depending on swarming dates and tree species

1998 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibone Amezaga ◽  
Miguel Á. Rodrı́guez
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Bark Beetles

Resource partitioning and overlap in three sympatric species of Ips bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Oecologia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce D. Ayres ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres ◽  
Mark D. Abrahamson ◽  
Stephen A. Teale
Keyword(s):  
Resource Partitioning ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Sympatric Species

scholarly journals Natural and insecticide-free methods for protecting wood piles from bark beetles - using the example of the ash bark beetle (Hylesinus fraxini [Panzer, 1779]) on Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior [L.])

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Robert Friedrich ◽  
Wehnert-Kohlenbrenner Michael ◽  
Marco Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Ips Sexdentatus ◽  
Test Treatments ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers

This paper is investigating the insecticide-free protection of ash wood piles through the use of semiochemical dispensers with allochthonous kairomones to control ash bark beetle populations. For this purpose, borehole counts and brood gallery analyses were carried out on log piles of ash wood stored in the forest. Studies have shown that Hylesinus fraxini is repelled by the attractant dispenser with the substance mixture Sexowit, which was actually developed to catch Ips sexdentatus. In addition, the substance mixture has an aggregating effect on various bark beetle antagonists. This causality should be used to find a form of application to protect freshly stacked ash wood from H. fraxini infestation. A recommended form of application should be transferable to other bark beetle- and tree species and substances. In adaptation to the so-called Island Method of bark beetle traps, the wood piles of the five test variants were also arranged like islands. Commercially available Sexowit pheromone dispensers were used, which were attached to the piles. Besides a control without Sexowit dispenser there were test treatments with one, two, four and nine Sexowit dispensers.Within the scope of the investigation, effects between the tested variants could be determined and a recommended application method derived. Compared to control most effective protection of ash log piles was reached with variants treated with four or nine lures of Sexowit. In relation to control infestation was reduced by 78.1% on 4-dispenser variant Sexowit and 88.9% on 9-dispenser variant Sexowit.

scholarly journals Contrasting development of declining and living larch-spruce stands after a disturbance event: A case study from the High Tatra Mts.

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šebeň ◽  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Michal Bošeľa ◽  
Jozef Pajtík
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Pioneer Tree Species ◽  
Pioneer Tree ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
The High Tatras

AbstractThe decline of spruce stands caused by bark beetle outbreaks is a serious economic and ecological problem of forestry in Slovakia. In the preceding period, the decline affected mainly secondary spruce forests. Over the last decade, due to large bark-beetle outbreaks this problem has been observed also in natural spruce forests, even at high elevations. We dealt with this issue in a case study of short-term development of larch-spruce stands in the High Tatras (at a site called Štart). We compared the situation in the stand infested by bark beetles several years after the wind-throw in 2004 with the stand unaffected by bark beetles. We separately analysed the development of the mature (parent) stands and the regeneration. The results indicated that forest decline caused by bark beetles significantly depended on the stand structure (mainly tree species composition), which affected the period of stand disintegration. Mortality of spruce trees slowed down biomass accumulation (and thus carbon sequestration) in the forest ecosystem. In the new stand, pioneer tree species dominated (in the conditions of the High Tatras it is primarily rowan), although their share in the parent stand was negligible. The results showed different trends in the accumulation of below-ground and above-ground biomass in the declined and living stands. In the first years after the stand decline, rowan accumulated significantly more biomass than the main tree species, i.e. spruce. The reverse situation was under the surviving stand, where spruce trees accumulated more biomass than rowan. The different share of spruce and pioneer tree species, mainly rowan, affected the ratio between fixed (in woody parts of trees) and rotating (in foliage) carbon in the undergrowth. Forest die-back is a big source of carbon emissions from dead individuals, and the compensation of these losses in the form of carbon sequestration by future stands is a matter of several decades.

scholarly journals Forests and forest protection in Cyprus

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M Ciesla
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Pine Processionary Caterpillar ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Basin

Cyprus, an island located in the eastern Mediterranean Basin, was heavily forested prior to human settlement. Human influence since about 6000 BC has significantly changed the area and composition of the island's forests. Approximately 40% of the Island is presently occupied by forest, maquis and garigue vegetation. The dominant tree species in Cyprus' forests is Pinus brutia, which has been planted extensively on abandoned agricultural lands and areas burned by wildfire. P. brutia forests are subject to periodic wildfire episodes. In addition, young plantations are subject to defoliation by the pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Pityocampidae), and older forests are subject to attack by several species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). A policy of extensive planting of pines will, most likely, result in continued problems with wildfire, pine processionary caterpillar and bark beetles in the foreseeable future. Long-term measures to effectively manage these problems include examination of opportunities to plant alternative tree species and to manage the vegetation to increase the diversity of the Island's wildland ecosystems. Key words: Cyprus, forest protection, pine processionary caterpillar, bark beetles, wildfire

Pathogens of bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and other beetles in Bulgaria

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danail Takov ◽  
Danail Doychev ◽  
Andreas Linde ◽  
Slavimira Atanasova Draganova ◽  
Daniela Kirilova Pilarska
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Isaria Farinosa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acanthocinus Aedilis

AbstractThe presence and diversity of beetle pathogens associated with different tree species in Bulgaria was investigated. In total, 818 specimens belonging to 22 beetle species were examined. Pathogens occurred in 9 host species. The infections were found in the gut (virus, nematodes, protozoans, microsporidia) and haemolymph (nematodes) of the infected insects. The following pathogen species: ItEPV, Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Isaria farinosa, Gregarina typographi, Gregarina spp., Chytridiopsis typographi, Chytridiopsis sp., and nematodes were revealed. Insects with mycoses were mummified and filled up with fungal structures, formed pseudosclerotium. Most pathogens were established in bark beetles (Scolytinae). For the first time, the fungus B. bassiana was reported in Tomicus piniperda, Orthotomicus longicollis, O. erosus, X. spinole, Taphrorychus villifrons and Phylobius sp. in Bulgaria. We also present the first records of gregarines in O. longicollis, Acanthocinus aedilis, Rhagium inquisitor, Pyrochroa coccinea, and of the microsporidium Chytridiopsis sp. in O. longicollis.

scholarly journals Effect of different tree mortality patterns on stand development in the forest model SIBYLA

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Jiří Trombik ◽  
Ivan Barka ◽  
Tomáš Hlásny
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Forest mortality critically affects stand structure and the quality of ecosystem services provided by forests. Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) generates rather complex infestation and mortality patterns, and implementation of such patterns in forest models is challenging. We present here the procedure, which allows to simulate the bark beetle-related tree mortality in the forest dynamics model Sibyla. We explored how sensitive various production and stand structure indicators are to tree mortality patterns, which can be generated by bark beetles. We compared the simulation outputs for three unmanaged forest stands with 40, 70 and 100% proportion of spruce as affected by the disturbance-related mortality that occurred in a random pattern and in a patchy pattern. The used tree species and age class-specific mortality rates were derived from the disturbance-related mortality records from Slovakia. The proposed algorithm was developed in the SQLite using the Python language, and the algorithm allowed us to define the degree of spatial clustering of dead trees ranging from a random distribution to a completely clustered distribution; a number of trees that died in either mode is set to remain equal. We found significant differences between the long-term developments of the three investigated forest stands, but we found very little effect of the tested mortality modes on stand increment, tree species composition and diversity, and tree size diversity. Hence, our hypothesis that the different pattern of dead trees emergence should affect the competitive interactions between trees and regeneration, and thus affect selected productivity and stand structure indicators was not confirmed.

Purification of plasma membranes from leaves of conifer and deciduous tree species by phase partitioning and free-flow electrophoresis

1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Toll ◽  
Federico J. Castillo ◽  
Pierre Crespi ◽  
Michele Crevecoeur ◽  
Hubert Greppin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Phase Partitioning

Biscogniauxia (Hypoxylon) Canker or Dieback in Trees

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Paez ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quercus Spp

Biscogniauxia canker or dieback (formerly called Hypoxylon canker or dieback) is a common contributor to poor health and decay in a wide range of tree species (Balbalian & Henn 2014). This disease is caused by several species of fungi in the genus Biscogniauxia (formerly Hypoxylon). B. atropunctata or B. mediterranea are usually the species found on Quercus spp. and other hosts in Florida, affecting trees growing in many different habitats, such as forests, parks, green spaces and urban areas (McBride & Appel, 2009).  Typically, species of Biscogniauxia are opportunistic pathogens that do not affect healthy and vigorous trees; some species are more virulent than others. However, once they infect trees under stress (water stress, root disease, soil compaction, construction damage etc.) they can quickly colonize the host. Once a tree is infected and fruiting structures of the fungus are evident, the tree is not likely to survive especially if the infection is in the tree's trunk (Anderson et al., 1995).

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