A procedure to study unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat spermatogenic cells in vivo: strain differences between Fisher-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene E. Sotomayor ◽  
Randolph Jackson ◽  
Agnes Nourbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Unscheduled Dna Synthesis ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND LECITHIN IN TISSUE CULTURE AND OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ACTIVITY IN RAT MAMMARY TUMOURS DEPENDENT ON AND INDEPENDENT OF THE OVARY

1979 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE-MARIE SCOTT ◽  
SUSAN MURPHY ◽  
R. A. HAWKINS
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Media

Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced and transplanted rat mammary tumours (2 lines) were examined for oestrogen receptor activity, and for sensitivity to hormones in vivo (by ovariectomy) and in vitro (by tissue culture). In vivo, the growth of all tumours induced by the administration of DMBA in random-bred Sprague–Dawley rats was found to be dependent on the ovary, whilst in all transplanted tumours (12 TG-3 and six TG-5 lines), maintained in an inbred strain of Sprague–Dawley rats, growth was found to be independent of the ovary. In vitro, the capacity for DNA synthesis in DMBA-induced tumours was better maintained after 24 h when insulin (10 μg/ml) and corticosterone (5 μg/ml) or insulin, corticosterone and prolactin (each 5 μg/ml) were present in the medium (five out of 12 and eight out of 11 tumours respectively); no effect of hormones in the media was detected after 48 h. In the transplanted tumours, no effect of hormones on DNA synthesis was detected after either 24 or 48 h of culture. Synthesis of lecithin was not detectably influenced by the presence of hormones in either DMBA-induced or transplanted tumours. Oestrogen receptor concentrations were, on average, significantly higher in the DMBA-induced tumours than in either line of transplanted tumour. For 22 DMBA-induced tumours and 15 transplanted tumours, the effect of hormones in vitro (`response') was directly correlated with receptor concentration at time 0 (Spearman's ρ = + 0·59) and inversely correlated with the rate of DNA synthesis (`basal') at time 0 (Spearman's ρ = −0·62). No single parameter or pair of parameters permitted accurate distinction between the tumour types.

CORRELATION BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON THE SYNTHESIS OF DNA IN EXPLANTS FROM INDUCED RAT MAMMARY TUMOURS AND THE GROWTH OF THE TUMOURS

1974 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. LEWIS ◽  
R. C. HALLOWES
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Mammary Tumours ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

SUMMARY Explants from 32 mammary tumours induced in Sprague—Dawley rats by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) were maintained in organ culture for up to 48 h. Insulin, corticosterone, prolactin, growth hormone and oestradiol were added to the culture medium in various combinations and their effects on the DNA synthesis of the explants was studied. DNA synthesis was stimulated by insulin in explants from 30 out of the 32 tumours examined and this group of 30 responsive tumours could be further subdivided. Explants from 16 tumours showed a greater rate of DNA synthesis in medium containing insulin plus corticosterone plus prolactin than in medium containing insulin alone and this higher rate was decreased by oestradiol; this group is referred to as 'prolactin-responsive'. Explants from the remaining 14 tumours did not show a greater rate of DNA synthesis in medium that contained insulin plus corticosterone plus prolactin than in medium containing insulin alone and neither rate was decreased by oestradiol; this group is referred to as 'insulin-responsive'. Explants from two tumours were not stimulated by insulin and these tumours are referred to as 'non-responsive'. After oophorectomy or administration of ergocryptine to tumour-bearing rats, the prolactin-responsive tumours regressed whereas the non-responsive tumours continued to grow. Explants taken from prolactin-responsive tumours 2 weeks after either oophorectomy or administration of ergocryptine were still prolactin-responsive but those taken from insulin-responsive tumours 2 weeks after the same treatment were now also prolactin-responsive. The non-responsive tumours remained non-responsive. The effects of hormones on the DNA synthesis in vitro of explants from growing DMBA-induced tumours were thus different from those on explants of mammary glands from virgin or pregnant Sprague—Dawley rats. It was concluded that it was possible to predict by organ culture techniques the response in vivo of growing mammary tumours to oophorectomy and ergocryptine administration.

Toxicokinetic and Genotoxicity Study of NNK in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats Following Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure, Intraperitoneal Injection, and Oral Gavage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chieh Hu ◽  
Matthew S Bryant ◽  
Estatira Sepehr ◽  
Hyun-Ki Kang ◽  
Raul Trbojevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
New Information ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract The tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] is found in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. NNK is a potent genotoxin and human lung carcinogen; however, there are limited inhalation data for the toxicokinetics (TK) and genotoxicity of NNK in vivo. In the present study, a single dose of 5x10−5, 5x10−3, 0.1, or 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) of NNK, 75% propylene glycol (vehicle control), or air (sham control) was administered to male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (9-10 weeks age) via nose-only inhalation (INH) exposure for 1 hour. For comparison, the same doses of NNK were administered to male SD rats via intraperitoneal (IP) injection and oral gavage (PO). Plasma, urine, and tissue specimens were collected at designated timepoints and analyzed for levels of NNK and its major metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and tissue levels of DNA adduct O6-methylguanine by LC/MS/MS. TK data analysis was performed using a non-linear regression program. For the genotoxicity subgroup, tissues were collected at 3 hours post-dosing for comet assay analysis. Overall, the TK data indicated that NNK was rapidly absorbed and metabolized extensively to NNAL after NNK administration via the three routes. The IP route had the greatest systemic exposure to NNK. NNK metabolism to NNAL appeared to be more efficient via INH than IP or PO. NNK induced significant increases in DNA damage in multiple tissues via the three routes. The results of this study provide new information and understanding of the toxicokinetics and genotoxicity of NNK.

scholarly journals Pharmacological comparison of four biopolymeric natural gums as hemostatic agents for management of bleeding wounds: preliminary in vitro and in vivo results

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kushwah ◽  
Nidhi Sandal ◽  
Meenakshi Chauhan ◽  
Gaurav Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Gum Tragacanth ◽  
Civilian Trauma ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cytotoxicity Studies

Abstract Background Uncontrolled bleeding is one of the primary reasons for preventable death in both civilian trauma and military battle field. This study evaluates in vitro and in vivo hemostatic potential of four biopolymeric natural gums, namely, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum, and gum acacia. In vitro evaluation of whole blood clotting time and erythrocyte agglutination assay were carried out. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with respect to each gum were done in human lymphocytes to ascertain percent cell viability. In vivo hemostatic potential of each gum (as sponge dressing and powder form) was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats using tail bleeding assay and compared with commercially available hemostatic sponge. Other important parameters like (a) time taken for complete hemostasis, (b) amount of blood absorbed, (c) adherence strength of developed hemostatic dressing(s), (d) incidence of re-bleeding, and (e) survival of animals were also studied. Results Of the four test gums studied, xanthan gum (@3mg/ml of blood) and gum tragacanth (@35mg/ml of blood) were able to clot blood in least time (58.75±6.408 s and 59.00±2.082 s, respectively) and exhibited very good hemostatic potential in vitro. Except for xanthan gum, all other test gums did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity at different time points till 24 h. In rat tail bleeding experiments, gum tragacanth sponge dressing and powder achieved hemostasis in least time (156.2±12.86 s and 76±12.55 s, respectively) and much earlier than commercially available product (333.3±38.84 s; p˂0.01). Conclusion Results indicate potential of gum tragacanth to be developed into a suitable hemostatic product.

Bioavailability in Vivo of Benzo[a]Pyrene Adsorbed to Diesel Particulate

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bevan ◽  
David M. Ruggio
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Reasonable Estimate ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

To evaluate health risks associated with exposure to particulates in the environment, it is necessary to quantify the bioavailability of carcinogens associated with the particulates. Direct analysis of bioavailability in vivo is most readily accomplished by adsorbing a radiolabeled form of the carcinogen to the particulate. A sam ple of native diesel particulate collected from an Oldsmobile die sel engine that contained 1.03 μ g benzo[ a] pyrene ( BaP)/ g particulate was supplemented with exogenous [ 3 H]- BaP to pro duce a particulate containing 2.62 μ g BaP/g. To insure that elu tion of BaP from native and [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particulate was similar, in vitro analyses were performed. When using phos pholipid vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1.52% of total BaP was eluted from native particulate into the vesicles in 18 hrs; from [ 3 H] -BaP supplemented particu late, 1.68% was eluted. Using toluene as eluent, 2.55% was eluted from native particulate, and 8.25% from supplemented particulate, in 6 hrs. Supplemented particulate was then instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats and distribution of radioactivity was analyzed at selected times over 3 days. About 50% of radioactivity remained in lungs at 3 days following instil lation, with 30% being excreted into feces and the remainder dis tributed throughout the organs of the rats. To estimate the amount of radioactivity that entered feces through swallowing of a portion of the instilled dose, [3 H] -BaP-supplemented particu late was instilled intratracheally into rats that had a cannula sur gically implanted in the bile duct. Rate of elimination of radio activity into bile was monitored; 10.6% of radioactivity was re covered in 6 hr, an amount slightly lower than the 12.8% ex creted in 6 hrs into feces of animals with intact bile ducts. Our studies provide a quantitative description of the distribution of BaP and its metabolites following intratracheal instillation of diesel particulate. Because rates of elution of BaP in vitro are similar for native diesel particulate and particulate with supple mental [ 3H] -BaP, our results provide a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability in vivo of BaP associated with diesel particu late.

scholarly journals The in vivo Pig-a gene mutation assay is applied to study the genotoxicity of procarbazine hydrochloride in Sprague-Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Pu ◽  
Yuanyuan Deng ◽  
Xiaoyan Tan ◽  
Gaofeng Chen ◽  
Cong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Gene Mutation Assay

scholarly journals CCK-8 and CCK-58 differ in their effects on nocturnal solid meal pattern in undisturbed rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. R850-R860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Goebel-Stengel ◽  
Andreas Stengel ◽  
Lixin Wang ◽  
Gordon Ohning ◽  
Yvette Taché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Solid Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Behavior

Various molecular forms of CCK reduce food intake in rats. Although CCK-8 is the most studied form, we reported that CCK-58 is the only detectable endocrine peptide form in rats. We investigated the dark-phase rat chow intake pattern following injection of CCK-8 and CCK-58. Ad libitum-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with CCK-8, CCK-58 (0.6, 1.8, and 5.2 nmol/kg), or vehicle. Food intake pattern was assessed during the dark phase using an automated weighing system that allowed continuous undisturbed monitoring of physiological eating behavior. Both CCK-8 and CCK-58 dose dependently reduced 1-h, dark-phase food intake, with an equimolar dose of 1.8 nmol being similarly effective (−49% and −44%). CCK-58 increased the latency to the first meal, whereas CCK-8 did not. The intermeal interval was reduced after CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg, −41%) but not after CCK-58. At this dose, CCK-8 increased the satiety ratio by 80% and CCK-58 by 160%, respectively, compared with vehicle. When behavior was assessed manually, CCK-8 reduced locomotor activity (−31%), whereas grooming behavior was increased (+59%). CCK-58 affected neither grooming nor locomotor activity. In conclusion, reduction of food intake by CCK-8 and CCK-58 is achieved by differential modulation of food intake microstructure and behavior. These data highlight the importance of studying the molecular forms of peptides that exist in vivo in tissue and circulation of the animal being studied.

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