Extractive spectrophotometric methods for determination of diltiazem HCl in pharmaceutical formulations using bromothymol blue, bromophenol blue and bromocresol green

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisur Rahman ◽  
Syed Najmul Hejaz-Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Diltiazem Hcl

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate, Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride, and Enrofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Acid Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Gouda ◽  
Alaa S. Amin ◽  
Ragaa El-Sheikh ◽  
Amira G. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Simple, rapid, and extractive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of some fluoroquinolones antibiotics: gemifloxacin mesylate (GMF), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF), and enrofloxacin (ENF) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between the basic drugs and acid dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), and methyl orange (MO) in acidic buffer solutions. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform and measured at 420, 408, 416, 415, and 422 nm for BCG, BCP, BPB, BTB, and MO, respectively, for GMF; at 410, 415, 416, and 420 nm for BCP, BTB, BPB, and MO, respectively, for MXF; and at 419 and 414 nm for BCG and BTB, respectively, in case of ENF. The analytical parameters and their effects are investigated. Beer’s law was obeyed in the ranges 1.0–30, 1.0–20, and 2.0–24 μg mL−1for GMF, MXF, and ENF, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference methods showed excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Using Acidic Triphenylmethane Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Susmitha ◽  
M. Thirumalachary ◽  
T. Charan Singh ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu
Keyword(s):  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has activity against the hepatitis B and HIV viruses. Three simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drugs with triphenylmethane dyes, namely, bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol purple (BCP) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima between 410 and 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 1.5–25, 1.0–25, and 1.25–25 μg mL−1 with BTB, BPB, and BCP, respectively. The effectc of concentration of dye, pH, and interference of excipients have been studied and optimized. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined. All three methods are validated as per the guidelines of ICH. The methods have been applied to the determination of drug in commercial tablets and results of analysis were validated statistically through recovery studies.

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
M Rasul Jan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Shah
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
New Methods

Simple, precise and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations. The new methods involve the formation of colored extractable ion pair complexes of the drug with bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The effects of various parameters like pH, reagent concentration and shaking time were studied. The extracted complexes of domperidone showed maximum absorbance at 410 nm with BTB and at 415 nm with BPB dye. The stiochiometry of the reaction between domperidone, BTB and BPB was found to be 1: 4. Domperidone was found to obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.6-35 ?g/ml, 1-30 ?g/ml with BTB and BPB, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of domperidone in commercial tablets and suspension samples. The results obtained by the proposed methods were validated statistically and compared with the official HPLC method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22310 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 25-31, 2014

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Antidepressants in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArmaĞan Önal ◽  
Ş. Evrim Kepeki ◽  
S MÜge Çetin ◽  
Sidika ErtÜrk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Drug Substances

Abstract Simple and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of sertraline, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on the reactions between the studied drug substances and ion-pair agents (bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, or bromophenol blue) to produce yellow-colored ion-pair complexes in acidic buffers. After extracting in chloroform, the ion-pair complexes are spectrophotometrically determined at the optimum wavelength. Optimizations of the reaction conditions were carried out. Beer's law was obeyed within the concentration range from 1 to 15 μg/mL. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantification limits were also determined. The developed methods were applied successfully for the determination of these drugs in some available commercial preparations. The results were compared statistically with those obtained from reported high-performance liquid chromatography methods.

scholarly journals Title DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
RAGAA EL SHEIKH ◽  
WAFAA S HASSAN ◽  
MARWA M EL-GABRY ◽  
AYMAN A GOUDA ◽  
SALEH S IDRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor

Objective: Simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible, and validated visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of leukotriene receptor antagonist drug, namely, montelukast (MNT) sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of yellow-colored ion-pair complexes between MNT sodium and three dyes, bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange with absorption maxima at 420, 416, and 426 nm, respectively. Results: The stoichiometric ratio of the formed ion-pair complexes was found to be 1:1 (drug:reagent) for all methods, as deduced by Job’s method of continuous variation. Several parameters such as pH, buffer type and volume, reagent volume, sequence of addition, and effect of extracting solvent were optimized to achieve high sensitivity, stability, low blank reading, and reproducible results. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9993–0.9999) were found over the concentration ranges of 1.0–10, 1.0–12, and 1.0–16 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.27 μg/mL for bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange methods, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the analysis of MNT sodium in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by applying the proposed methods with those of the reference method revealed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the results. 

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Bromhexine HCl in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
K. Susmitha ◽  
M. Thirumalachary ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexation ◽  
Job's Method ◽  
Kinetics Of

Five spectrophotometric methods for determination of bromhexine HCl have been developed, validated, and applied for the assay of the drug in pharmaceuticals. Methods A, B, and C are based on ion-pair complexation of drug, in acidic buffers, with triphenylmethane dyes, namely, bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol green (BCG). The complexes are extracted into chloroform, and absorbance is measured at around 415 nm as function of concentration of the drug. The stoichiometry of the complex is found to be 1 : 1 in each case. Method D depends upon charge-transfer complexation of neutralized drug with iodine which produces iodide ion whose absorbance at 366 nm is measured as function of concentration of the drug. This complex too has 1 : 1 composition as determined by Job’s method. Method E is developed on the basis of oxidation of the drug with alkaline KMnO4 which generates green-colored manganate ion with 610 nm. As the intensity of green color increased with increasing time kinetics of the reaction is followed, and calibration curves are constructed by using initial rate and fixed time methods. Excellent recovery studies with high accuracy and precision indicate that the methods can be successfully used in industries for the assay of drug in pure form and pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Extractive spectrophotometric determination of some α-adrenergic-antagonists in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh El ◽  
Nahla Esmail ◽  
Ayman Gouda ◽  
Walid Basset
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Basic Nitrogen ◽  
Doxazosin Mesylate ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonists ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple, rapid, and extractive spectrophotometric methods was developed for the determination of some postsynaptic ?-1 adrenoreceptor antagonist; doxazosin mesylate (DOX), terazosin (TRZ) and alfuzosine HCl (ALF) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods are based on the formation of yellow colored chloroform ion-pair complexes between the basic nitrogen of the drugs and dyes, namely; bromocresol green (BCG), bromothymol blue (BTB), methyl orange (MO) and alizarine red S (ARS), in acidic buffer of pH range (3.0-5.0). The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform or dichloromethane and measured at 418, 414, 425 and 426 nm for DOX and at 419, 415, 425 and 428 for TRZ and at 418, 412, 421 and 427 nm for ALF using BCG, BTB, MO and ARS, respectively. The analytical parameters and their effects on the reported systems are investigated. Beer?s law was obeyed in the range 1.0-130 ?g mL?1 with correlation coefficient (n = 6) ? 0.9991. The molar absorpitivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The composition of the ion associates was found 1:1 by Job?s method. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in pure forms and in pharmaceutical formulations with percentage recoveries ranges from 99.18-100.61. The results of analysis were validated statistically. The results were in good agreement and compared with those obtained with reported methods.

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