Dentoalveolar and skeletal changes associated with the pendulum appliance

Over the last decades a considerable amount of data has accumulated to indicate that metabolic and endocrine alterations of diabetes affect bone quantity and quality. These skeletal changes may increase the risk of bone fracture. There is strong evidence that in type 1 diabetes the decreased bone mass, lack of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1, dysregulation of adipokines, and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines are in the background of fragility fractures. In type 2 diabetes hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and increased body weight may result in an increase of bone mass; however, accumulation of advanced glycation end products within the bone collagen driven by glucotoxicity may increase the cortical porosity. There is a higher incidence of falls resulting from diabetes-related co-morbidities such as diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hypoglycemic episodes and sometimes from the medications. Vitamin D deficiency has special impact on glucose metabolism and the prevalence of diabetes. Vitamin D supplementation in childhood can decrease incidence of type 1 diabetes by 80%. The effect of thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and metformin, agents for treatment of diabetes open a new connection between bone, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1161–1166.

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Skeletal changes after experimentally displaced condylar process fracture in growing rats

Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jcms.2006.01.006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 220-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Vanessa C.B. Teixeira ◽

Antonio C.B. Teixeira ◽

João Gualberto C. Luz

Keyword(s):

Condylar Process ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Skeletal Changes

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Dental and skeletal changes in mild to moderate Class II malocclusions treated by either a Twin-block or Xbow appliance followed by full fixed orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092814-696.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 997-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sayeh Ehsani ◽

Brian Nebbe ◽

David Normando ◽

Manuel O Lagravere ◽

Carlos Flores-Mir

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Block Group ◽

Two Phase ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Twin Block ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Length Increase

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the short-term skeletal and dental effects of two-phase orthodontic treatment including either a Twin-block or an XBow appliance. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective clinical trial of 50 consecutive Class II cases treated in a private practice with either a Twin-block (25) or XBow (25) appliance followed by full fixed orthodontic treatment. To factor out growth, an untreated Class II control group (25) was considered. Results: A MANOVA of treatment/observation changes followed by univariate pairwise comparisons showed that the maxilla moved forward less in the treatment groups than in the control group. As for mandibular changes, the corpus length increase was larger in the Twin-block group by 3.9 mm. Dentally, mesial movement of mandibular molars was greater in both treatment groups. Although no distalization of maxillary molars was found in either treatment group, restriction of mesial movement of these teeth was seen in both treatment groups. Both treatment groups demonstrated increased mandibular incisor proclination with larger increases for the XBow group by 3.3°. The Wits value was decreased by 1.6 mm more in the Twin-block group. No sex-related differences were observed. Conclusions: Class II correction using an XBow or Twin-block followed by fixed appliances occurs through a relatively similar combination of dental and skeletal effects. An increase in mandibular incisor inclination for the XBow group and an increased corpus length for the Twin-block group were notable exceptions. No overall treatment length differences were seen.

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β-Thalassemia Intermedia in Northern Iraq: A Single Center Experience

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/262853 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Nasir A. S. Al-Allawi ◽

Sana D. Jalal ◽

Ameen M. Mohammad ◽

Sharaza Q. Omer ◽

Raji S. D. Markous

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Iron Chelation ◽

Globin Genes ◽

Thalassemia Intermedia ◽

Severe Phenotype ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Northern Iraq ◽

Single Center Experience ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Mediterranean Countries

To investigate the molecular basis ofβ-thalassemia intermedia in Northern Iraq and evaluate its management practices, a total of 74 patients from 51 families were enrolled. The patients were clinically and hematologically reevaluated, and had theirβ-thalassemia mutations characterized, as well as the number ofα-globin genes andXmnIGγ−158 (C>T) polymorphism studied. Out of 14β-thalassemia mutations identified, the four most common were IVS-I-6 (T>C) [33.3%], IVS-II-I (G>A) [21.1%], codon 82/83(−G) [10.1%], and codon 8 (−AA) [8.1%]. The most common contributing factors to the less severe phenotype of thalassemia intermedia were found to be the inheritance of mildβ-thalassemia alleles and theXmnI polymorphism, while concomitantα-thalassemia had a limited role. Several complications were documented including: pulmonary hypertension in 20.4%, diabetes mellitus in 1.4%, hypothyroidism in 2.9%, and heart failure in 2.7%, while no documented cases of venous thrombosis were found. Compared to their counterparts in several Mediterranean countries, it appears that our patients were much less frequently transfused and had a lower proportion of patients who were splenectomized, on iron chelation, or hydroxycarbamide therapy. Such practices require further scrutiny to ensure that a better level of care is provided and that growth retardation, skeletal changes, and other complications are prevented or reduced.

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Dentoskeletal Effects and “Effective” Temporomandibular Joint, Maxilla and Chin Changes in Good and Bad Responders to van Beek Activator Treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/120605-425r.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sabine Ruf ◽

Margareta Bendeus ◽

Hans Pancherz ◽

Urban Hägg

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Class Ii ◽

Good Responder ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Division 1 ◽

The Subject ◽

Subject Material ◽

Lateral Head ◽

Lower Incisors

Abstract Objective: To assess possible differences in dentoskeletal effects and “effective” temporomandibular joint, maxilla, and chin changes between good and bad responders to van Beek activator treatment. Materials and Methods: The subject material consisted of 20 consecutive normodivergent male Class II division 1 patients treated with a van Beek activator. Because of insufficient cooperation, four patients were excluded. Lateral head films were taken 6 months before treatment, at start of treatment, and after 12 months of treatment. The patients were placed into a good responder group (successful, n = 8) and a bad responder group (unsuccessful, n = 8). An overjet reduction ≥4 mm was considered successful. Results: During the van Beek treatment period, the good responders showed a significantly larger improvement in overjet and molar relationship than did the bad responders. The good responders exhibited a significant posterior development of condylion, less anterior mandibular autorotation, retrusion of upper incisors, protrusion of lower incisors, distalization of maxillary molars, and a mesial movement of mandibular molars. No significant dental movements were seen in the bad responders. Conclusions: Although van Beek activator treatment affected the direction of condylar growth, as well as the direction of maxilla and chin changes, it can be concluded that skeletal changes did not contribute to the Class II correction. Instead, overjet reduction during van Beek activator treatment was found to be due to a favorable dental reaction.

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