Clozapine - on the Level?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S.P. Natarajan ◽  
C. Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Patient Monitoring System ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Trough Plasma

Aim:To discover whether clozapine is being prescribed and monitored according to accepted guidelines.Method:Sample size 30 with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia generated from a list of patients attending clozapine clinic. Clozapine levels were done prospectively from December 07 to March 08.Results:Of 30 patients, 73% were male and 27% female. 57% were prescribed >450 mg once daily and 50% had trough plasma levels >0.60mg/l. Only 21% were within the therapeutic range (as recommended by Clozapine Patient Monitoring System) 0.35-0.60 mg/l. 29% of patients had a plasma level < 0.35 mg/l. Only 10% had plasma levels checked within the last 6 months.Among 8 patients taking more than 600 mg of clozapine, 5 had an anticonvulsant prescribed prophylactically. among 14 patients with a plasma level >0.60 mg/l, only five had an anticonvulsant co-prescribed.Discussion:The outcome of this audit has wide implications from a medico-legal perspective. There is significant evidence implicating clozapine in the development of metabolic syndrome as well as potentially serious side effects including seizures. It is important that clozapine plasma levels are checked when therapeutic doses (Maudsley guidance: 450mg once daily) are reached and that anticonvulsant prophylaxis is considered at high plasma levels.

scholarly journals PO 8289 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PLASMA LEVELS OF IL-27, IL-6 CYTOKINES AND P. FALCIPARUM INFECTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN LIVING IN MBALMAYO, CAMEROON

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A27.1-A27
Author(s):  
Balotin Fogang ◽  
Jean C Djontu ◽  
Rosette Megnekou ◽  
Lawrence Ayong
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Addition Level ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe appropriate balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines is necessary for protection against pregnancy-associated malaria and poor pregnancy outcomes. This study therefore aims to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of some regulatory cytokines and P. falciparum infection in Cameroonian women during pregnancy.MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from 131 women during pregnancy and 27 non-pregnant women living in the Mbalmayo area between May and December 2014. Parasitaemia was determined by microscopy and haemoglobin level using a haematological counter. Plasma levels of IL-27 and IL-6 cytokines were measured using the Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay technique.ResultsParasitaemia associated negatively with haemoglobin level (rs=–0.43; p<0.001). The plasma level of IL-6 was higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (p=0.05). Regarding parasitaemia, plasma level of IL-27 was significantly higher in non-infected than in infected women (p=0.028) while that of IL-6 was significantly higher in infected women (p<0.0001). Moreover, parasitaemia correlated negatively with the plasma level of IL-27 (p=0.034) and positively with that of IL-6 (p<0.0001). In addition, level of IL-6 was significantly higher in anaemia-positive than in anaemia-negative women (p=0.028). On the other hand, level of IL-27 negatively associated with the parity (p=0.022) and gestation age (p=0.014).ConclusionThese results show that in pregnant women, P. falciparum malaria infection is associated with high plasma level of IL-6 and low level of IL-27, suggesting that IL-27 could have a protective effect against pregnancy-associated malaria while IL-6 seem to be a potential biomarker of the disease.

Ecg Changes in Pure Imipramine Overdose as Function of Plasma Level*

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Reed ◽  
H.R. Mckim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

ECG changes occur with therapeutic doses of tricyclic antidepressants and cardiovascular conduction alteration is the lethal effect in overdoses on these drugs. These ECG changes depend on the plasma level and metabolism of the particular antidepressant. Information about the relative toxicity and metabolism characteristics can be obtained by studying overdoses if the attempt simply involves one tricyclic and no other drug ingestion. Such a case report involving a known quantity of imipramine is presented. The early toxic signs leading to cardiac arrest and the recovery from coma are discussed. The ECG along with corresponding plasma levels of imipramine and its metabolite desmethylimipramine are given as a function of time after ingestion. The relative toxicity of these metabolites and the use of anticholinesterase in the acute management is considered.

High Plasma Level ofN-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline

Hypertension ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Azizi ◽  
Eric Ezan ◽  
Laurence Nicolet ◽  
Jean-Marc Grognet ◽  
Joël Ménard
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Plasma Level

Patient Monitoring System using Computer Vision for Emotional Recognition and Vital Signs Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin ◽  
Sakthyvell Superamaniam ◽  
Andrea Christella Andrew ◽  
Ramanand Muraleedharan ◽  
John Rakshys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Emotional Recognition ◽  
Patient Monitoring System

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Induced High Plasma Levels of Soluble Endoglin in Mice Lead to Preeclampsia Symptoms and Placental Abnormalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Lucía Pérez-Roque ◽  
Elena Núñez-Gómez ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez-Barbero ◽  
Carmelo Bernabéu ◽  
José M. López-Novoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Soluble Endoglin ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease of high prevalence characterized by the onset of hypertension, among other maternal or fetal signs. Its etiopathogenesis remains elusive, but it is widely accepted that abnormal placentation results in the release of soluble factors that cause the clinical manifestations of the disease. An increased level of soluble endoglin (sEng) in plasma has been proposed to be an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of this disease. A pathogenic function of sEng involving hypertension has also been reported in several animal models with high levels of plasma sEng not directly dependent on pregnancy. The aim of this work was to study the functional effect of high plasma levels of sEng in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in a model of pregnant mice, in which the levels of sEng in the maternal blood during pregnancy replicate the conditions of human preeclampsia. Our results show that wild type pregnant mice carrying human sEng-expressing transgenic fetuses (fWT(hsEng+)) present high plasma levels of sEng with a timing profile similar to that of human preeclampsia. High plasma levels of human sEng (hsEng) are associated with hypertension, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction, and the release of soluble factors to maternal plasma. In addition, fWT(hsEng+) mice also present placental alterations comparable to those caused by the poor remodeling of the spiral arteries characteristic of preeclampsia. In vitro and ex vivo experiments, performed in a human trophoblast cell line and human placental explants, show that sEng interferes with trophoblast invasion and the associated pseudovasculogenesis, a process by which cytotrophoblasts switch from an epithelial to an endothelial phenotype, both events being related to remodeling of the spiral arteries. Our findings provide a novel and useful animal model for future research in preeclampsia and reveal a much more relevant role of sEng in preeclampsia than initially proposed.

Smart healthcare in smart cities: wireless patient monitoring system using IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Poongodi ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Mounir Hamdi ◽  
Ma Maode ◽  
Naveen Chilamkurti
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Patient Monitoring System
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