Oxidative stress, inflammation and cognitive impairment in first psychotic patients

IntroductionBoth oxidative stress and the inflammatory chemokine MCP-1 have been linked to the pathophysiology of certain mental illnesses such as psychosis. There are previous studies in rats and dogs suggesting that oxidative stress can cause cognitive impairment.ObjectivesTo correlate oxidative stress and the chemokine MCP-1 levels with cognitive impairment in first episode psychosis.Methods28 patients with first episode psychosis and 28 healthy controls matched by sex and age were included in the study, who were given a battery of neurocognitive tests and we determined their blood levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), nitric oxide, total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione, activity of enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (cGPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the inflammatory chemokine MCP-1.ResultsHealthy controls had better TAS than patients and increased activity of enzymes cGPx and CAT.We found a statistically significant negative relationship between levels of MCP-1 and working memory, attention and verbal memory. At higher levels of chemokines, worse cognitive functioning in these areas.Verbal memory was also negatively related, in a meaningful way, with nitric oxide levels in blood.Likewise, we found that higher levels of glutathione correlated with better scores on the 3 tests performed of verbal fluency.ConclusionsIn patients with a PEP, levels of certain markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with poorer cognitive functioning.

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T41. SEX DIFFERENCES IN VERBAL MEMORY IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbz019.321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S219-S219

Author(s):

Gabriella Buck ◽

Katie Lavigne ◽

Carolina Makowski ◽

Ridha Joober ◽

Ashok Malla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis

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Is inflammation linked to cognitive impairment in first-episode psychosis and in healthy controls?

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2010.07.089 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. S27-S28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Aas ◽

V. Mondelli ◽

T. Toulopoulou ◽

A. Reichenberg ◽

M. Di Forti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis

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Motor abnormalities and cognitive impairment in first-episode psychosis patients, their unaffected siblings and healthy controls

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 200 ◽

pp. 50-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Manuel J. Cuesta ◽

Lucia Moreno-Izco ◽

María Ribeiro ◽

Jose M. López-Ilundain ◽

Pablo Lecumberri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Motor Abnormalities

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Poster #124 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS/INFLAMMATION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70696-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. S230

Author(s):

Sonia Ruiz de Azua ◽

Patricia Vega ◽

Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa ◽

Sara Barbeito ◽

Belen Garcia-Lecumberri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Episode Psychosis

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Investigating cognitive deficits and symptomatology across pre-morbid adjustment patterns in first-episode psychosis

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291709991097 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 749-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. Béchard-Evans ◽

S. Iyer ◽

M. Lepage ◽

R. Joober ◽

A. Malla

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Good Group ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Poor Group

BackgroundCognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well established and are known to be present during the first episode of a psychotic disorder. In addition, consistent heterogeneity within these impairments remains unexplained. One potential source of variability may be the level of pre-morbid adjustment prior to the onset of first-episode psychosis (FEP).MethodNinety-four FEP patients and 32 healthy controls were assessed at baseline on several neuropsychological tests comprising six cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, processing speed, reasoning/problem-solving and attention) and an abbreviated version of the full IQ. A global neurocognitive domain was also computed. Pre-morbid adjustment patterns were divided into three distinct groups: stable-poor, stable-good and deteriorating course.ResultsBased on a cut-off of 0.8 for effect size, the stable-poor pre-morbid adjustment group was significantly more impaired on most cognitive domains and full IQ compared to the deteriorating group, who were more severely impaired on all measures compared to the stable-good group. The type of cognitive deficit within each subgroup did not differ and the results indicate that a global neurocognition measure may reliably reflect the severity of cognitive impairment within each subgroup.ConclusionsPre-morbid adjustment patterns prior to onset of psychosis are associated with severity but not type of cognitive impairment. Patients in the stable-poor group are generally more impaired compared to the deteriorating group, who are, in turn, more impaired than the stable-good group.

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Central oxidative stress and early vocational outcomes in first episode psychosis: A 7-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy study of glutathione

10.1101/2021.09.17.21263506 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Michael MacKinley ◽

Sabrina D. Ford ◽

Peter Jeon ◽

Jean Théberge ◽

Lena Palaniyappan

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Outcomes ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

7 Tesla ◽

First Episode ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Employment Education

ABSTRACTFollowing the first episode of psychosis, some patients develop poor social and occupational outcomes, while others display a pattern of preserved functioning. Several lines of evidence from preclinical, genetic and biochemical studies suggest a role for high oxidative stress in poor functional outcomes. The measurement of intracortical glutathione (GSH) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides an opportunity to investigate the relationship between central antioxidant tone and functional outcomes at the time of first episode psychosis (FEP). A body of epidemiological studies indicates better functional outcomes in patients at early stages of schizophrenia compared to patients at a chronic, established phase of illness. We scanned 57 patients with FEP and 30 matched healthy controls and estimated GSH resonance using 7-Tesla MRS. We minimised the confounding effects of illness chronicity, long-term treatment exposure and metabolic complications by recruiting patients with <2 weeks of lifetime antipsychotic exposure on average and followed up this cohort for the next 1 year to determine functional outcomes. Patients with FEP who achieved employment/education or training status (EET) in the first year, had higher GSH at the baseline than healthy controls. Social and occupational functioning assessment scale (SOFAS) scores were also significantly higher in patients with higher GSH levels at the outset, after adjusting for various confounds including baseline SOFAS. Patients who were not in employment, education or training (NEET) did not differ from healthy subjects in their GSH levels. Our observations support a key role for the central antioxidant tone in the functional outcomes of early psychosis.

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Cognitive clusters in first-episode psychosis: Overlap with healthy controls and relationship to concurrent and prospective symptoms and functioning.

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/neu0000367 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 787-797 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Jacqueline Uren ◽

Susan M. Cotton ◽

Eoin Killackey ◽

Michael M. Saling ◽

Kelly Allott

Keyword(s):

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis

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Identifying Clinically and Functionally Distinct Groups Among Healthy Controls and First Episode Psychosis Patients by Clustering on EEG Patterns

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.541659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodong Qu ◽

Saran Liukasemsarn ◽

Jingxuan Tu ◽

Amy Higgins ◽

Timothy J. Hickey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Episode Psychosis

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A-8 Developmental Cognitive Phenotypes in First-Episode Psychosis and Longitudinal Cognitive Change Following Antipsychotic Treatment

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1030-1030

Author(s):

Milena Y Gotra ◽

Elmma Khalid ◽

Madison M Dykins ◽

Scot K Hill

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Ability ◽

Antipsychotic Medication ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Group ◽

Cognitive Improvement ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Chronic Psychosis

Abstract Objective The present study applied a developmentally based subgrouping procedure previously examined in chronic psychosis patients to a sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and examined change in cognition following treatment with antipsychotic medication. Method Medication naïve FEP patients (n = 119; age = 27.96; 63.9% male; 62.2% White, 32.8% Black, 5.0% Other) recruited during initial hospitalization were categorized into groups based on 1) estimated premorbid intellectual ability and 2) the discrepancy between predicted (modeled on 151 healthy controls) and current cognitive ability. Consistent with findings from chronic psychosis samples, groups were characterized as Preserved (n = 46; average premorbid, no discrepancy), Deteriorated (n = 44; average premorbid, significant discrepancy), and Compromised (n = 29, low premorbid and current cognitive ability). A mixed analysis of variance was used to examine change in a composite cognitive score derived from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 months. Results There was a significant group by time interaction [Figure 1; F(5.4142.4) = 2.81, p = 0.02] in which the Preserved group performed similar to healthy controls across all time points, the Compromised group demonstrated stable deficits after treatment, and the Deteriorated group diverged from the Compromised group at 6 weeks and 12 months. Discussion There is considerable cognitive heterogeneity in FEP at baseline and after initiation of antipsychotic medication. Findings of cognitive improvement in the Deteriorated group after treatment initiation suggests a differential response to antipsychotic medications that was not found in the Compromised or Preserved groups. Future work may benefit from examining medication and symptom severity as potential factors contributing to the unique change observed in the Deteriorated group.

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