P.1.d.008 The involvement of an intact prefrontal cortex–hippocampal circuit in the forced swim test in male and female rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S186
Author(s):  
V. Kafetzopoulos ◽  
N. Kokras ◽  
C. Dalla ◽  
T. Mavridis ◽  
Z. Papadopoulou-Daifoti
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Stressors affect the response of male and female rats to clomipramine in a model of behavioral despair (forced swim test)

2005 ◽  
Vol 520 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Consoli ◽  
Julia Fedotova ◽  
Vincenzo Micale ◽  
Nikolay S. Sapronov ◽  
Filippo Drago
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Behavioral Despair ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Does the antidepressant-like effect of mirtazapine and venlafaxine differ between male and female rats?

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Adriana Álvarez Silva ◽  
Alonso Fernández-Guasti
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Global Health Problem

Introduction. Depression is a global health problem with nearly 350 million people affected, mainly women. However, nowadays a rising amount of men are being diagnosed. This makes necessary the screening of new treatment options that are effective in women as well as in men. Objective. To analyze if the administration of mirtazapine and venlafaxine to male and female rats shows a sex-related antidepressant-like effect, and the possible associated neurochemical mechanisms. Method. Mirtazapine (40 mg/kg) or venlafaxine (60 mg/kg) were administered subchronically to young adult male and female (ovariectomized and steroid-primed) rats, and their antidepressant-like effects were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST). The active behaviors, swimming and climbing, were also analyzed. Results. a) mirtazapine and venlafaxine reduced immobility in the FST in males and females; b) both antidepressants increased climbing and swimming in male rats; c) in female rats, mirtazapine and venlafaxine only increased swimming. Discussion and conclusion. In males, the effects of mirtazapine and venlafaxine seem to be produced by the activation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems. Conversely, estradiol might be modulating the mechanisms of action of both antidepressants in females producing only an increased swimming and suggesting the participation of the serotonergic system.

Standardised ginseng extract G115® potentiates the antidepressant-like properties of fluoxetine in the forced swim test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dylan J. Terstege ◽  
Debra S. MacDonald ◽  
R. Andrew Tasker
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Objective: Ginsenosides, biologically active components of the root of Panax ginseng, have been reported to have therapeutic benefits in a number of disease states including psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder. Our objective was to determine if a standardised commercial ginseng extract, G115®, could reduce the signs of behavioural despair commonly observed in animal models of depression either alone or in combination with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (N = 51) were divided into four groups: vehicle control, G115® ginseng root extract, fluoxetine and fluoxetine plus G115®. Rats were trained to voluntarily consume treatments twice daily for 14 days and were then tested in an open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST). Post-mortem hippocampal and prefrontal cortex tissue was analysed for expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) by western blot. Results: One-way Analysis of Variance revealed no significant group differences in the OF or plus-maze performance on any variable examined. In the FST, fluoxetine significantly reduced immobility time and increased latency to immobility. The effects of fluoxetine were further significantly potentiated by co-administration of G115®. Post-mortem tissue analysis revealed significant group differences in BDNF expression in the left hippocampus and left prefrontal cortex without any accompanying changes in TrkB expression. Conclusions: We conclude that oral G115® significantly potentiates the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine in the FST in the absence of potentially confounding effects on locomotion and anxiety.

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

scholarly journals Perinatal exposure to diesel exhaust origin secondary organic aerosol induces autism-like behavior in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin Tin Win Shwe ◽  
Chaw Kyi Tha Thu ◽  
Yuji Fujitani ◽  
Shinji Tsukahara ◽  
Seishiro Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Perinatal Exposure ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glutamate Concentration ◽  
Immunological Markers ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Abstract Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication, poor social interactions and repetitive behaviors. The exact cause and mechanism of autism remains unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors may involve in ASD. In this study, we used diesel exhaust (DE) origin secondary organic aerosol (DE-SOA) as environmental pollutants. DE-SOA was generated by oxidative reaction of mixing DE with ozone. The aim of present study is to examine autism-like behaviors and related gene expressions in rats exposed to DE-SOA perinatally. Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were exposed to clean air (control), DE and DE-SOA in the exposure chamber for 5 h per day (from 10:00 pm to 3:00 am), 5 days a week excluding weekends from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 with their pups. At postnatal day 21, the male and female offspring rats were allocated into three different groups as follows: 1) rats exposed to clean filtered air; 2) rats exposed to DE; 3) rats exposed to DE-SOA. Social behaviors were investigated at 10~13-weeks-old rats using a 3-chambered social behavior test, social dominance tube test and marble burying test. Prefrontal cortex was collected to examine neurological and immunological markers, and glutamate concentration, using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA methods. Results: DE-SOA-exposed male and female rats showed poor sociability and social novelty preference, socially dominant behavior and increased repetitive behavior compared with the control rats. The mRNA expression levels of serotonin receptor (5-HT(5B)) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were down-regulated whereas interleukin 1 b　(IL-b), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were upregulated in the prefrontal cortex of male and female rats exposed to DE-SOA compared to the control rats. Glutamate concentration was increased significantly in the prefrontal cortex of both male and female rats exposed to DE-SOA.Conclusion: Our results indicate that perinatal exposure to DE-SOA may induce autism-like behavior in rats by modulating neurological and immunological markers in the prefrontal cortex.

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