Protein functions in pre-mRNA splicing

Abstract Background Senescence represents the last stage of flower development. Phosphorylation is the key posttranslational modification that regulates protein functions, and kinases may be more required than phosphatases during plant growth and development. However, little is known about global phosphorylation changes during flower senescence. Results In this work, we quantitatively investigated the petunia phosphoproteome following ethylene or air treatment. In total, 2170 phosphosites in 1184 protein groups were identified, among which 2059 sites in 1124 proteins were quantified. To our surprise, treatment with ethylene resulted in 697 downregulated and only 117 upregulated phosphosites using a 1.5-fold threshold (FDR < 0.05), which showed that ethylene negatively regulates global phosphorylation levels and that phosphorylation of many proteins was not necessary during flower senescence. Phosphoproteome analysis showed that ethylene regulates ethylene and ABA signalling transduction pathways via phosphorylation levels. One of the major targets of ethylene-induced dephosphorylation is the plant mRNA splicing machinery, and ethylene treatment increases the number of alternative splicing events of precursor RNAs in petunia corollas. Conclusions Protein dephosphorylation could play an important role in ethylene-induced senescence, and ethylene treatment increased the number of AS precursor RNAs in petunia corollas.

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Organization of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the mammalian cell nucleus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010014021x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 768-769

Author(s):

D.L. Spector ◽

S. Huang ◽

S. Kaurin

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Cell Nucleus ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Splicing Factors ◽

Interchromatin Granule Clusters ◽

Interchromatin Granule ◽

Nuclear Regions ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Perichromatin Fibrils

We have been interested in the organization of RNA polymerase II transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Several models have been proposed for the functional organization of RNA within the eukaryotic nucleus and for the relationship of this organization to the distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors. One model suggests that RNAs which must be spliced are capable of recruiting splicing factors to the sites of transcription from storage and/or reassembly sites. When one examines the organization of splicing factors in the nucleus in comparison to the sites of chromatin it is clear that splicing factors are not localized in coincidence with heterochromatin (Fig. 1). Instead, they are distributed in a speckled pattern which is composed of both perichromatin fibrils and interchromatin granule clusters. The perichromatin fibrils are distributed on the periphery of heterochromatin and on the periphery of interchromatin granule clusters as well as being diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. These nuclear regions have been previously shown to represent initial sites of incorporation of 3H-uridine.

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NLR-protein functions in immunity

10.3389/978-2-88919-621-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Protein Functions

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Chaperonin as the normal controls and pathological anti-stress response in the human reproductive system

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.111.126 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 126-129

Author(s):

M. Makarenko ◽

◽

D. Hovsyeyev ◽

L. Sydoryk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive System ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Intercellular Signaling ◽

Toll Like Receptors ◽

Wide Range ◽

Protein Functions ◽

And Function

Different kinds of physiological stress cause mass changes in the cells, including the changes in the structure and function of the protein complexes and in separate molecules. The protein functions is determined by its folding (the spatial conclusion), which depends on the functioning of proteins of thermal shock- molecular chaperons (HSPs) or depends on the stress proteins, that are high-conservative; specialized proteins that are responsible for the correct proteinaceous folding. The family of the molecular chaperones/ chaperonins/ Hsp60 has a special place due to the its unique properties of activating the signaling cascades through the system of Toll-like receptors; it also stimulates the cells to produce anti- inflammatory cytokines, defensins, molecules of cell adhesion and the molecules of MHC; it functions as the intercellular signaling molecule. The pathological role of Hsp60 is established in a wide range of illnesses, from diabetes to atherosclerosis, where Hsp60 takes part in the regulation of both apoptosis and the autoimmune processes. The presence of the HSPs was found in different tissues that are related to the reproductive system. Key words: molecular chaperons (HSPs), Toll-like receptors, reproductive function, natural auto antibody.

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Regulation of insulin receptor mRNA splicing in rat tissues. Effect of fasting, aging, and diabetes

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.44.10.1196 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 1196-1201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Vidal ◽

D. Auboeuf ◽

M. Beylot ◽

J. P. Riou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Receptor ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Receptor Mrna

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Lighting a path: genetic studies pinpoint neurodevelopmental mechanisms in autism and related disorders

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.31887/10.31887/dcns.2012.14.3/mpescosolido ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 239-252

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Protein Localization ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Genetic Mutations ◽

Scaffolding Proteins ◽

Molecular Processes ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Novel Treatments

In this review, we outline critical molecular processes that have been implicated by discovery of genetic mutations in autism. These mechanisms need to be mapped onto the neurodevelopment step(s) gone awry that may be associated with cause in autism. Molecular mechanisms include: (i) regulation of gene expression; (ii) pre-mRNA splicing; (iii) protein localization, translation, and turnover; (iv) synaptic transmission; (v) cell signaling; (vi) the functions of cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins; and (vii) the function of neuronal cell adhesion molecules. While the molecular mechanisms appear broad, they may converge on only one of a few steps during neurodevelopment that perturbs the structure, function, and/or plasticity of neuronal circuitry. While there are many genetic mutations involved, novel treatments may need to target only one of few developmental mechanisms.

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