Isolation and characterisation of a C18 neutral steroid, oestra-5(10),7-diene-3,17-diol, from pregnant mare urine and allantoic fluid. Facile oxidation to yield oestra-5(10),6,8-triene-3,17-diol (diol of Heard's ketone)

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E Marshall ◽  
R.J Mortishire-Smith ◽  
E Houghton ◽  
D.B Gower
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Neutral Steroid

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION

1966 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Marilyn Smart ◽  
Edwin D. Kilbourne
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Present System ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Experimental Viral Infection

A comparative study was undertaken of the pathogenesis of infection of the allantoic sac of the chick embryo with three influenza viruses of differing virulence, and of the influence of hydrocortisone on the course of infection. Judged on the basis of earlier onset and greater degree of inflammatory response and diminished survival time of infected embryos, Mel. and Lee viruses were markedly more virulent than PR8, despite the earlier appearance of virus in PR8-infected embryos. Interferon appeared first and in greater quantity in the allantoic fluid of Lee-infected embryos and latest with PR8 infection. Thus, there was no correlation of avirulence and better interferon production with the viruses under study in the present system. Furthermore, evidence obtained suggested that Lee virus ("virulent") was most susceptible to interferon action, and also that viral synthesis in the chorioallantoic membrane with PR8 ("avirulent") persisted after the appearance of interferon. The injection of hydrocortisone within 2 hr of the initiation of infection delayed the synthesis of all three viruses; had no significant effect upon the inflammatory response; and transiently inhibited the synthesis of interferon, while prolonging the survival of Lee- and Mel.-infected embryos. Late administration of hydrocortisone suppresses both the inflammatory response and the production of interferon. Only in the case of Lee virus infection did hydrocortisone administration lead to augmentation of final yields of virus with the low infection multiplicity employed in the present experiments. It is postulated that Lee virus is a better inducer of interferon because its infectivity in vivo is more rapidly inactivated. As a consequence synthesis of Lee virus is more under the control of endogenous interferon than is the case with PR8 or Mel. virus. Therefore, inhibition of interferon synthesis with hydrocortisone has a greater influence on final yields of Lee virus.

122 A Mechanistic Model of Growth and Amino Acid Deposition in the Pregnant Sow: Model Development, Evaluation, and Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Christian D Ramirez-Camba ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Development Evaluation ◽  
Model Weight

Abstract A mechanistic model was developed with the objective to characterize weight gain and essential amino acid (EAA) deposition in the different tissue pools that make up the pregnant sow: placenta, allantoic fluid, amniotic fluid, fetus, uterus, mammary gland, and maternal body were considered. The data used in this modelling approach were obtained from published scientific articles reporting weights, crude protein (CP), and EAA composition in the previously mentioned tissues; studies reporting not less than 5 datapoints across gestation were considered. A total of 12 scientific articles published between 1977 and 2020 were selected for the development of the model and the model was validated using 11 separate scientific papers. The model consists of three connected sub-models: protein deposition (Pd) model, weight gain model, and EAA deposition model. Weight gain, Pd, and EAA deposition curves were developed with nonparametric statistics using splines regression. The validation of the model showed a strong agreement between observed and predicted growth (r2 = 0.92, root mean square error = 3%). The proposed model also offered descriptive insights into the weight gain and Pd during gestation. The model suggests that the definition of time-dependent Pd is more accurately described as an increase in fluid deposition during mid-gestation coinciding with a reduction in Pd. In addition, due to differences in CP composition between pregnancy-related tissues and maternal body, Pd by itself may not be the best measurement criteria for the estimation of EAA requirement in pregnant sows. The proposed model also captures the negative maternal Pd that occurs in late gestation and indicates that litter size influences maternal tissue mobilization more than parity. The model predicts that the EAA requirements in early and mid-gestation are 75, 55 and 50% lower for primiparous sows than parity 2, 3 and 4+ sows, respectively, which suggest the potential benefits of parity segregated feeding.

The effect of PGE2 in porcine allantoic fluid on IL-2 and GM-CSF production by peripheral blood lymphocytes

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
W. Narcisse ◽  
M. Fortin ◽  
J.P. Laforest ◽  
J.J. Matte ◽  
R.D. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Csf Production

scholarly journals REACTIONS BETWEEN INFLUENZA VIRUS AND A COMPONENT OF ALLANTOIC FLUID

1948 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Hardy ◽  
Frank L. Horsfall
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Partial Dissociation

Evidence is presented which shows that there is a component present in normal allantoic fluid, probably mucoprotein in nature, capable of combining with influenza A virus (PR8), and that following combination between this component and the virus only partial dissociation of the complex occurs. Evidence is also presented which strongly suggests that the component is present in virus-infected allantoic fluid in which it is in part combined with the virus and in part free although altered by viral action. The probability that the component is present as well in highly purified preparations of influenza virus, and its effect upon various reactions obtained with this agent are discussed.

scholarly journals QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCES IN THE ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUS STRAINS

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Friedewald
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
Cell Adsorption ◽  
Virus Strains

A study of the PR8, Christie, Talmey, W.S., and swine strains of influenza A virus by means of antibody absorption tests revealed the following findings: 1. Serum antibody could be specifically absorbed with allantoic fluid containing influenza virus or, more effectively, with concentrated suspensions of virus obtained from allantoic fluid by high-speed centrifugation or by the red cell adsorption and elution technique. Normal allantoic fluid, or the centrifugalized sediment therefrom, failed to absorb antibodies. Influenza B virus (Lee) caused no detectable absorption of antibody from antisera directed against influenza A virus strains, but it specifically absorbed antibody from Lee antisera. 2. The neutralizing, agglutination-inhibiting, and complement-fixing anti-bodies in ferret antisera were completely absorbed only by the homologous virus strain, even though 2 absorptions were carried out with large amounts of heterologous virus strains. 3. PR8 virus appeared to have the broadest range of specific antigenic components for it completely absorbed the heterologous antibodies in Christie and W.S. antisera and left only those antibodies which reacted with the respective homologous strains. The other virus strains (Christie, Talmey, W.S., swine) were more specific in the absorption of heterologous antibodies and completely removed only those antibodies which reacted with the absorbing virus. 4. The absorption tests revealed a higher degree of specificity and individuality of the virus strains than the various cross reactions previously reported. The strain specificity of PR8 virus was equally manifest in absorption tests with ferret sera and with human sera following vaccination. 5. The amount of homologous antibody remaining in a PR8 ferret serum after absorption with PR8 virus, obtained by the red cell adsorption and elution method, varied inversely as the concentration of virus used for absorption. A given concentration of virus, however, absorbed a greater percentage of neutralizing antibodies than either agglutination-inhibiting or complement-fixing antibodies.

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