Fat Containing Stearic Acid Increases Fecal Neutral Steroid Excretion and Catabolism of Low Density Lipoproteins Without Affecting Plasma Cholesterol Concentration in Hamsters Fed a Cholesterol-Containing Diet

1993 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Imaizumi ◽  
Koji Abe ◽  
Chiho Kuroiwa ◽  
Michihiro Sugano
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Neutral Steroid ◽  
Steroid Excretion

Extracorporeal Enzymatic Removal of Low Density Lipoproteins in Rabbits: Efficacy and Safety

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Shefer ◽  
J. Ferreira ◽  
C. J-P. Mullon ◽  
R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

An extracorporeal circuit incorporating a plasma separator reactor (PSR) was designed to modify low density lipoproteins (LDL). The PSR was tested in vivo with hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White rabbits. The bioreactor enzymatically converts LDL to a form that can be removed by the body at an enhanced rate. The physiological response of hypercholesterolemic New Zealand White rabbits to 90 minute extracorporeal treatments was monitored. The total plasma cholesterol concentration in the treated rabbits fell sharply (up to 40% decrease) during and following the treatment. Results of safety tests indicate no significant enzyme leaching from the device, no disruption or damage to erythrocytes, no increase in white blood cell count and no liver damage as indicated by five enzyme assays. All safety measurements suggest that the treatment is safe.

Disposition of plasma cholesterol in the pregnant hypocholesterolemic rabbit

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Ross ◽  
DB Zilversmit
Keyword(s):  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit ◽  
Steroid Excretion

Processes that might explain the hypocholesterolemia observed in pregnant rabbits were studied in animals fed a cholesterol-free chow diet. Excretion of endogenous steroids, measured after administration of a single intravenous dose of radioactive cholesterol, averaged 75 mg/day in controls and 96 mg/day in pregnant hypocholesterolemic rabbits. The mass of maternal plasma cholesterol transferred to the fetuses was measured in animals in which a constant plasma cholesterol specific activity was maintained. Placental transfer during the first 28 days of gestation ranged from 2 to 12 mg/day for mothers carrying litters of one to eight fetuses. It is concluded that loss of maternal plasma cholesterol due to placental transfer is small compared to loss by fecal steroid excretion. Because large decreases in plasma cholesterol concentration during pregnancy and increases at parturition were not accompanied by changes in the slopes of the specific activity-time curves, it appears most likely that cholesterol in isotopic equilibrium with plasma cholesterol is temporarily and reversibly sequestered in maternal tissues of the pregnant rabbit.

Performance of commercially-available cholesterol self-tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 000456322199239
Author(s):  
Steef Kurstjens ◽  
Eugenie Gemen ◽  
Selina Walk ◽  
Tjin Njo ◽  
Johannes Krabbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Better Regulation

Background Hypercholesterolemia (plasma cholesterol concentration ≥5.2 mmol/L) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Many different cholesterol self-tests are readily available at general stores, pharmacies and web shops. However, there is limited information on their analytical and diagnostic performance. Methods We included 62 adult patients who required a lipid panel measurement (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and LDLcalc) for routine care. The performance of five different cholesterol self-tests, three quantitative meters ( Roche Accutrend Plus, Mission 3-in-1 and Qucare) and two semi-quantitative strip tests ( Veroval and Mylan MyTest), was assessed according to the manufacturers’ protocol. Results The average plasma cholesterol concentration was 5.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L. The mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of the five cholesterol self-tests ranged from 6 ± 5% ( Accutrend Plus) to 20 ± 12% ( Mylan Mytest). The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter showed the best diagnostic performance with a 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The Qucare and Mission 3-in-1 are able to measure HDL concentrations and can thus provide a cholesterol:HDL ratio. The Passing-Bablok regression analyses for the ratio showed poor performance in both self-tests ( Mission 3-in-1: y = 1.62x–1.20; Qucare: y = 0.61x + 1.75). The Accutrend Plus is unable to measure the plasma high-density lipoprotein concentration. Conclusions/interpretation: The Accutrend Plus cholesterol meter (Roche) had excellent diagnostic and analytic performance. However, several of the commercially-available self-tests had considerably poor accuracy and diagnostic performance and therefore do not meet the required qualifications, potentially leading to erroneous results. Better regulation, standardization and harmonization of cholesterol self-tests is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration in subjects following reduced fat, high fibre diet.

BMJ ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 294 (6568) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Edington ◽  
M Geekie ◽  
R Carter ◽  
L Benfield ◽  
K Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre

Cholesterol Measurement in Serum and in Plasma

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Grande ◽  
Donald S Amatuzio ◽  
Shohachi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cholesterol Measurement

Abstract The effect on the plasma cholesterol concentration of various anticoagulants added to the blood in dry form, as compared with that of serum, has been studied. The amounts of anticoagulants used, per 5 ml. of blood, were: heparin, 2.5 mg.; oxalate mixture, 12 mg.; tetrasodium EDTA, 5 mg.; sodium oxalate, 12mg.; and ACD mixture, 5.3 mg. citric acid, 15.8 mg. Na citrate, and 17.6 mg. dextrose. All these anticoagulants caused a decrease in the plasma cholesterol concentration. The mean cholesterol decrease (serum minus plasma) produced by heparin was only 4 mg./100 ml. (S.E., ± 1.24), but this difference was statistically significant. When the heparin was prepared by drying a solution of heparin in 0.9% NaCl a greater difference between serum and plasma was observed. The cholesterol difference (serum minus plasma) producd by Na oxalate increases with increasing amounts of anticoagulant. The decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration produced by the anticoagulants can be explained by changes of water distribution between cells and plasma, reflected by changes of hematocrit produced by the anticoagulant.

Neutrophil enhancement of reperfusion-induced capillary fluid filtration associated with hypercholesterolemia

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (5) ◽  
pp. H1755-H1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Harris ◽  
D. N. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Capillary Fluid ◽  
Capillary Response

Fluid filtration rate (Jv/S) from individual mesenteric capillaries in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats was measured before and after 30 min each of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). The median I/R-induced increase in Jv/S (I/R vs. baseline) was 44% in normocholesterolemic rats (n = 11) and 97% in hypercholesterolemic rats (n = 11). A positive correlation slope of 0.20% per mg/dl resulted when the percent Jv/S increase vs. plasma cholesterol concentration (P = 0.02) was plotted, demonstrating that hypercholesterolemia enhances the capillary response to I/R. Because microvascular pressure did not change significantly after I/R in either group of rats, the increments in Jv/S likely reflect increased capillary permeability. In hypercholesterolemic rats rendered neutropenic with antineutrophil serum, I/R did not elicit a significant increase in Jv/S, suggesting that activated neutrophils mediate the exaggerated endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia.

Plasma lipoprotein profiles of normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic homozygotes for apolipoprotein E2(Arg158-->Cys) compared

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1559-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Zhao ◽  
A H Smelt ◽  
A M Van den Maagdenberg ◽  
A Van Tol ◽  
T F Vroom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasma Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia ◽  
Lipoprotein Profiles

Abstract We compared plasma lipoprotein profiles of 15 individuals with normocholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol 4.81 +/- 0.90 mmol/L) familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (NFD) and 15 patients with hypercholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol 10.61 +/- 2.32 mmol/L) familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (HFD), matched for age and sex. All subjects were homozygous for apoE2(Arg158-->Cys). Compared with 15 normolipidemic controls (plasma cholesterol 5.47 +/- 0.92 mmol/L), subjects with NFD and HFD had greater cholesterol concentrations of large very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL1), small VLDL (VLDL2), and intermediate-density lipoprotein, each of which was correlated to their plasma total cholesterol concentration. VLDL1 and VLDL2 subfractions were enriched in cholesteryl ester, and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities were increased in both NFD and HFD; however, absolute changes were larger in HFD than in NFD. Concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were lower in HFD (1.89 +/- 0.48 mmol/L) and NFD (1.56 +/- 0.36 mmol/L) than in normolipidemic controls (3.35 +/- 0.73 mmol/L). We conclude that all subjects homozygous for apoE2(Arg158-->Cys) show features of dysbetalipoproteinemia.

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