Effects of eye-acupuncture on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the brain of rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion

Cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions characterized by cerebral infarction, death of the brain tissue, and loss of brain function. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is the tissue damage caused when blood supply begins to the tissue after a period of ischemia or poor oxygen supply. In this study, we preliminarily investigated the biochemical changes in the brain hippocampal area, CA1, resulting from ischemia reperfusion and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor treatment in rats using Raman spectroscopy. A drastic spectral change was observed in the ischemia-reperfusion brain tissue; a strong dependency between the intensity of certain Raman bands was observed at the amide positions of 1276 and 1658 cm−1 and at the lipid positions of 1300 and 1438 cm−1. The spectrum of nNOS inhibitor-treated brain tissue was similar to that of the normal brain tissue, indicating that the nNOS inhibitor could protect the brain against excessive production of NO and biochemical processes dependent on it. Principal component analysis (PCA) precisely identified three classes of tissues: normal; ischemic; and nNOS inhibitor-treated. Therefore, we suggest that quantitative analysis of the changes in the brain tissue by using Raman spectroscopy with multivariate statistical technique could be effective for evaluating neuronal injury and drug effects.

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Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Thymoquinone Nanoformulation in the Rodent Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Model

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/2571060 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Xiao-Yu Xiao ◽

Ying-Xian Zhu ◽

Ju-Yuan Bu ◽

Guo-Wei Li ◽

Jian-Hui Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Intranasal Delivery ◽

Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Neuroprotective Efficacy ◽

The Brain

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles delivered via nose to brain route in the rodent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model. The neuroprotective efficacy of the optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated in middle cerebral artery occluded rats by various pharmacodynamic and biochemical studies. The pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in the brain and blood plasma together with qualitative localization of florescent labelled PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles in brain tissues were also determined. Intranasal delivery of optimized thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles (183.5±8.2 nm,33.63±2.25 mV) to brain significantly reduced the ischemia infarct volume and enhanced the locomotor activity and grip strength in the middle cerebral artery occluded rats. Biochemical studies showed that intranasal delivery of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation but elevated the glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in the brain of middle cerebral artery occluded rats. The pharmacokinetic and localization studies showed that thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles facilitated the delivery of thymoquinone to brain by intranasal nose to brain transport pathways and enhanced their pharmacokinetic profile in brain tissues. Thus, intranasal delivery of thymoquinone loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles to brain could be potentially used for the neuroprotection and treatment of cerebral ischemia.

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