Preparation of Na specific absorbent and application of sodium removal from ammonium tungstate solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-wei ZHAO ◽  
Mao-feng YANG ◽  
Li-hua HE ◽  
Jia-liang ZHANG ◽  
Xing-yu CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Removal ◽  
Ammonium Tungstate ◽  
Tungstate Solution

Removal of Na from the Ammonium Tungstate Solution by Na1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Xingyu Chen ◽  
Xuheng Liu ◽  
Jiangtao Li ◽  
Zhongwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Tungstate ◽  
Tungstate Solution

Problems of Radioactive Sodium Removal and Disposal From Decommissioning LMFR Equipment

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Ye. Shtynda ◽  
V. I. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Wastes ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Safe Disposal ◽  
Radionuclide Sorption ◽  
Sodium Removal ◽  
Radioactive Sodium

ABSTRACTPreparing for safe disposal of the LMFR primary circuit equipment and sodium reprocessing for storage and burial with minimum volume of radioactive wastes resulted in testing of radionuclide sorption trapping, distillation and rinsing with water under vacuum used for safe sodium removal and decontamination of equipment.

Morphological and Electrophysiological Evidence for an Ionotropic GABA Receptor of Novel Pharmacology

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-W. Shen ◽  
M. H. Higgs ◽  
D. Salvay ◽  
J. W. Olney ◽  
P. D. Lukasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cells ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Sodium Removal ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Evidence from toxicological studies suggested that an ionotropic GABA receptor of novel pharmacology (picrotoxin-insensitive, bicuculline-sensitive) exists in the chick embryo retina. In this report, we provide direct morphological and electrophysiological evidence for the existence of such an iGABA receptor. Chick embryo retinas (14–16 days old) incubated in the presence of kainic acid showed pronounced histopathology in all retinal layers. Maximal protection from this toxicity required a combination of bicuculline and picrotoxin. Individual application of the antagonists indicated that a picrotoxin-insensitive, bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptor is likely to be present on ganglion and amacrine, but not bipolar, cells. GABA currents in embryonic and mature chicken retinal neurons were measured by whole cell patch clamp. GABA was puffed at the dendritic processes in the IPL. Picrotoxin (500 μM, in the bath) eliminated all (>95%) the GABA current in the majority of ganglion and amacrine cells tested, but many cells possessed a substantial picrotoxin-insensitive component. This current was eliminated by bicuculline (200 μM). This current was not a transporter-associated current, since it was not altered by GABA transport blockers or sodium removal. The current–voltage relation was linear and reversed near E Cl, as expected for a ligand-gated chloride current. Both pentobarbital and lorazepam enhanced the picrotoxin-insensitive current. We conclude that chicken retinal ganglion and amacrine cells express a GABA receptor that is GABA-A–like, in that it can be blocked by bicuculline, and positively modulated by barbiturates and benzodiazepines, but is insensitive to the noncompetitive blocker picrotoxin. Understanding the molecular properties of this receptor will be important for understanding both physiological GABA neurotransmission and the pathology of GABA receptor overactivation.

scholarly journals Sodium removal in peritoneal dialysis: is there room for a new parameter in dialysis adequacy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Anna Lima ◽  
Joana Tavares ◽  
Nicole Pestana ◽  
Maria João Carvalho ◽  
António Cabrita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Residual Renal Function ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Sodium Removal ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Small Solute ◽  
Solute Clearance

In peritoneal dialysis (PD) (as well as in hemodialysis) small solute clearance measured as Kt/v urea has long been used as a surrogate of dialysis adequacy. A better urea clearance was initially thought to increase survival in dialysis patients (as shown in the CANUSA trial)(1), but  reanalysis of the data showed a superior contribution of residual renal function as a predictor of patient survival. Two randomized controlled trials (RCT)(2, 3)  supported this observation, demonstrating no survival benefit in patients with higher achieved Kt/v. Then guidelines were revised and a minimum Kt/v of 1,7/week was recommended but little emphasis was given to additional parameters of dialysis adequacy. As such, volume overload and sodium removal have gained major attention, since their optimization has been associated with decreased mortality in PD patients(4, 5). Inadequate sodium removal is associated with fluid overload which leads to ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiovascular mortality(6). Individualized prescription is key for optimal sodium removal as there are differences between PD techniques (CAPD versus APD) and new strategies for sodium removal have emerged (low sodium solutions and adapted PD). In conclusion, future guidelines should address parameters associated with increased survival outcomes (sodium removal playing an important role) and abandon the current one fit all prescription model.

scholarly journals Influences of Temperature on the Conversion of Ammonium Tungstate Pentahydrate to Tungsten Oxide Particles with Controllable Sizes, Crystallinities, and Physical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Heli Siti Halimatul Munawaroh ◽  
Tedi Kurniawan ◽  
Ahmad Mudzakir
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Ammonium Tungstate

The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of temperature on the conversion of ammonium tungstate pentahydrate (ATP) powder to tungsten trioxide (WO3) particles with controllable sizes, crystallinities, and physicochemical properties. In this study, we used a simple thermal decomposition method. In the experimental procedure, we explored the effect of temperature on the physicochemical properties of ATP by testing various heating temperatures (from 100 to 900 °C). The heated ATP samples were then characterized by a physical observation (i.e. color) and various analysis methods (i.e. a thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, an X-ray diffraction, and a scanning electron microscope). Experimental results showed that increases in temperature had an impact to the decreases in particle size, the change in material crystallinity, and the change in physical properties (e.g. change of color from white, orange, to yellowish green). The relationships between the reaction temperatures and the physicochemical properties of the ATP were also investigated in detail along with the theoretical consideration and the proposal of the WO3 particle formation mechanism. In simplification, the phenomena can be described into three zones of temperatures. (1) Below 250 °C (release of water molecules and some ammonium ions).; (2) At 250-400 °C (release of water molecules and ammonium ions, restructurization of tungsten and oxygen elements, and formation of amorphous tungsten trioxide). (3) At higher than 400 °C (crystallization of tungsten trioxide). Since ATP possessed reactivity on temperature, its physicochemical properties changing could be observed easily, and the experimental procedure could be done easily. The present study will benefit not only for “chemistry and material science” but also potentially to be used as a model material for explaining the thermal behavior of material to undergraduate students (suitable used for a class and laboratory experiment and demonstration).

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