Combining FDG-PET, structural MRI and probabilistic tractography in Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND: PET (positron emission tomography) and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) provide the “ATN” (Amyloid, Tau, Neurodegeneration) classification and play an essential role in early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: Biomarkers were evaluated in a Japanese multicenter study on cognitively unimpaired subjects (CU) and early (E) and late (L) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. MEASUREMENTS: A total of 38 (26 CU, 7 EMCI, 5 LMCI) subjects with the age of 65-84 were enrolled. Amyloid-PET and FDG-PET as well as structural MRI were acquired on all of them, with an additional tau-PET with 18F-flortaucipir on 15 and CSF measurement of Aβ1-42, P-tau, and T-tau on 18 subjects. Positivity of amyloid and tau was determined based on the positive result of either PET or CSF. RESULTS: The amyloid positivity was 13/38, with discordance between PET and CSF in 6/18. Cortical tau deposition quantified with PET was significantly correlated with CSF P-tau, in spite of discordance in the binary positivity between visual PET interpretation and CSF P-tau in 5/8 (PET-/CSF+). Tau was positive in 7/9 amyloid positive and 8/16 amyloid negative subjects who underwent tau measurement, respectively. Overall, a large number of subjects presented quantitative measures and/or visual read that are close to the borderline of binary positivity, which caused, at least partly, the discordance between PET and CSF in amyloid and/or tau. Nine subjects presented either tau or FDG-PET positive while amyloid was negative, suggesting the possibility of non-AD disorders. CONCLUSION: Positivity rate of amyloid and tau, together with their relationship, was consistent with previous reports. Multicenter study on subjects with very mild or no cognitive impairment may need refining the positivity criteria and cutoff level as well as strict quality control of the measurements.

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Alzheimer’s disease markers from structural MRI and FDG-PET brain images

The European Physical Journal Plus ◽

10.1140/epjp/i2012-12135-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 127 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrea Chincarini ◽

Paolo Bosco ◽

Gianluca Gemme ◽

Silvia Morbelli ◽

Dario Arnaldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Brain Images ◽

Disease Markers

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of An evidence-based algorithm for the utility of FDG-PET for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease according to presence of medial temporal lobe atrophy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725536731.793538926 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Craig Ritchie ◽

Abel Koshy

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy ◽

Lobe Atrophy

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Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205015666180913102615 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (13) ◽

pp. 1267-1275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.E. Reesink ◽

D. Vállez García ◽

C.A. Sánchez-Catasús ◽

D.E. Peretti ◽

A.T. Willemsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽

Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis ◽

Amyloid Accumulation ◽

Cerebellar Diaschisis ◽

18F Fdg

Background: We describe the phenomenon of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in four subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) according to the National Institute on Aging - Alzheimer Association (NIA-AA) criteria, in combination with 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging. Methods: 18F-FDG PET showed a pattern of cerebral metabolism with relative decrease most prominent in the frontal-parietal cortex of the left hemisphere and crossed hypometabolism of the right cerebellum. 11C-PiB PET showed symmetrical amyloid accumulation, but a lower relative tracer delivery (a surrogate of relative cerebral blood flow) in the left hemisphere. CCD is the phenomenon of unilateral cerebellar hypometabolism as a remote effect of supratentorial dysfunction of the brain in the contralateral hemisphere. The mechanism implies the involvement of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar fibers. The pathophysiology is thought to have a functional or reversible basis but can also reflect in secondary morphologic change. CCD is a well-recognized phenomenon, since the development of new imaging techniques, although scarcely described in neurodegenerative dementias. Results: To our knowledge this is the first report describing CCD in AD subjects with documentation of both 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging. CCD in our subjects was explained on a functional basis due to neurodegenerative pathology in the left hemisphere. There was no structural lesion and the symmetric amyloid accumulation did not correspond with the unilateral metabolic impairment. Conclusion: This suggests that CCD might be caused by non-amyloid neurodegeneration. The pathophysiological mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications of CCD and the role of the cerebellum in AD need further investigation.

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Topographic patterns of white matter hyperintensities are associated with multimodal neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-020-00759-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Malo Gaubert ◽

Catharina Lange ◽

Antoine Garnier-Crussard ◽

Theresa Köbe ◽

Salma Bougacha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

White Matter ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Corpus Callosum ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

White Matter Hyperintensities ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Matter Volume

Abstract Background White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are frequently found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Commonly considered as a marker of cerebrovascular disease, regional WMH may be related to pathological hallmarks of AD, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the regional distribution of WMH associated with Aβ burden, glucose hypometabolism, and gray matter volume reduction. Methods In a total of 155 participants (IMAP+ cohort) across the cognitive continuum from normal cognition to AD dementia, FLAIR MRI, AV45-PET, FDG-PET, and T1 MRI were acquired. WMH were automatically segmented from FLAIR images. Mean levels of neocortical Aβ deposition (AV45-PET), temporo-parietal glucose metabolism (FDG-PET), and medial-temporal gray matter volume (GMV) were extracted from processed images using established AD meta-signature templates. Associations between AD brain biomarkers and WMH, as assessed in region-of-interest and voxel-wise, were examined, adjusting for age, sex, education, and systolic blood pressure. Results There were no significant associations between global Aβ burden and region-specific WMH. Voxel-wise WMH in the splenium of the corpus callosum correlated with greater Aβ deposition at a more liberal threshold. Region- and voxel-based WMH in the posterior corpus callosum, along with parietal, occipital, and frontal areas, were associated with lower temporo-parietal glucose metabolism. Similarly, lower medial-temporal GMV correlated with WMH in the posterior corpus callosum in addition to parietal, occipital, and fontal areas. Conclusions This study demonstrates that local white matter damage is correlated with multimodal brain biomarkers of AD. Our results highlight modality-specific topographic patterns of WMH, which converged in the posterior white matter. Overall, these cross-sectional findings corroborate associations of regional WMH with AD-typical Aß deposition and neurodegeneration.

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Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Cognitive Change With the Mobile Cognitive App Performance Platform

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 801-801

Author(s):

Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton ◽

Sean Lydon ◽

Alexander Miller ◽

Kimberly Halberstadter ◽

Jacqueline Lane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Memory Load ◽

Memory Task ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Cognitive Change ◽

Difficulty Level ◽

Trial Duration ◽

Parahippocampal Cortex ◽

Relationship Of

Abstract This study investigates the psychometric properties of the mobile cognitive app performance platform (mCAPP), designed to detect memory changes associated with preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The mCAPP memory task includes learning and matching hidden card pairs and incorporates increasing memory load, pattern separation features, and spatial memory. Participants included 30 older adults with normal cognition. They completed the mCAPP, paper and pencil neuropsychological tests and a subset completed a high-resolution structural MRI. The majority of participants found the difficulty level of the mCAPP game to be “just right”. Accuracy on the mCAPP correlated with performance on memory and executive measures, while speed of performance on the mCAPP correlated with performance on attention and executive function measures. Longer trial duration correlated with measures of the parahippocampal cortex. The relationship of mCAPP variables with molecular biomarkers, at-home and burst testing, and development of additional cognitive measures will also be discussed.

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