scholarly journals A comparison of central brain (cerebrospinal and extracellular fluids) and peripheral blood kinetics of phenytoin after intravenous phenytoin and fosphenytoin

Seizure ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOLAN WANG ◽  
PHILIP N PATSALOS
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Central Brain ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of peripheral blood stem cell harvests during a single apheresis

Transfusion ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam G. Smolowicz ◽  
Kenneth Villman ◽  
Gösta Berlin ◽  
Ulf Tidefelt
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell ◽  
Blood Stem Cell ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals The effect of azathioprine (Imuran) on the kinetics of monocytes and macrophages during the normal steady state and an acute inflammatory reaction

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Gassmann ◽  
R van Furth
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Monocytes ◽  
Azathioprine Treatment ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The effect of azathioprine on the kinetics of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was studied in normal mice and in mice in which an inflammatory reaction was provoked. Two dosage levels were used: a high dose of 200mg/kg which is the maximum tolerated daily dose in mice, and low dose of 3 mg/kg which is about equivalent to a nontoxic, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory dose in man. The number of peripheral blood monocytes decreases gradually during azathioprine treatment of normal mice, the extent and duration being dependent on the dose and duration of administered over a period of 9 days gives an almost complete reduction, and a low dose (3 mg/kg) given for the same period results in a reduction of about 50%. This effect seems to be reversible, because when treatment is stopped the number of monocytes starts to increase 24–48 hr later. The number of peritoneal macrophages is only affected when a high dose (200 mg/kg) is given over a long period; a low dose has virtually no effect. In mice in which an inflammatory reaction was prevoked in the peritoneal cavity, the normally occurring increase in the numbers of both peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages was suppressed, the extent being dependent on the dose of azathioprine administered. Labeling studies with 3H-thymidine indicated that the reduction of peripheral blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory exudate is due to a diminished monocyte production.

scholarly journals An analysis of engraftment kinetics as a function of the CD34 content of peripheral blood progenitor cell collections in 692 patients after the administration of myeloablative chemotherapy

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 3961-3969 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Weaver ◽  
B Hazelton ◽  
R Birch ◽  
P Palmer ◽  
C Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Platelet Recovery ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of

The CD34 antigen is expressed by committed and uncommitted hematopoietic progenitor cells and is increasingly used to assess stem cell content of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collections. Quantitative CD34 expression in PBPC collections has been suggested to correlate with engraftment kinetics of PBPCs infused after myeloablative therapy. We analyzed the engraftment kinetics as a function of CD34 content in 692 patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). Patients had PBPCs collected after cyclophosphamide based mobilization chemotherapy with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) until > or = 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg were harvested. Measurement of the CD34 content of PBPC collections was performed daily by a central reference laboratory using a single technique of CD34 analysis. Forty-five patients required a second mobilization procedure to achieve > or = 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg and 15 patients with less than 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg available for infusion received HDC. A median of 9.94 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg (range, 0.5 to 112.6 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg) contained in the PBPC collections was subsequently infused into patients after the administration of HDC. Engraftment was rapid with patients requiring a median of 9 days (range, 5 to 38 days) to achieve a neutrophil count of 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a median of 9 days (range, 4 to 53+ days) to achieve a platelet count of > or = 20 x 10(9)/L. A clear dose-response relationship was evident between the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram infused between the number of CD34+ cells per kilogram infused and neutrophil and platelet engraftment kinetics. Factors potentially influencing the engraftment kinetics of neutrophil and platelet recovery were examined using a Cox regression model. The single most powerful mediator of both platelet (P = .0001) and neutrophil (P = .0001) recovery was the CD34 content of the PBPC product. Administration of a post-PBPC infusion myeloid growth factor was also highly correlated with neutrophil recovery (P = .0001). Patients receiving high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin had more rapid platelet recovery than patients receiving other regimens (P = .006), and patients requiring 2 mobilization procedures versus 1 mobilization procedure to achieve > or = 2.5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg experienced slower platelet recovery (P = .005). Although a minimal threshold CD34 dose could not be defined, > or = 5.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg appears to be optimal for ensuring rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery.

scholarly journals Biphasic kinetics of peripheral blood T cells after triple combination therapy in HIV-1 infection: A composite of redistribution and proliferation

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine G. Pakker ◽  
Daan W. Notermans ◽  
Rob J. De Boer ◽  
Marijke T.L. Roos ◽  
Frank De Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Triple Combination ◽  
Triple Combination Therapy ◽  
Biphasic Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Kinetics of Recovery of CD4+ T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Deoxycoformycin-Treated Patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 83 (22) ◽  
pp. 1678-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Steis ◽  
W. J. Urba ◽  
W. C. Kopp ◽  
W. G. Alvord ◽  
J. W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Kinetics Of

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Positive Hematopoetic Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood and Progenitor Cell Apheresis Products: Characterization and Correlation with Kinetics of Engraftment.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1076-1076
Author(s):  
Martin Hildebrandt ◽  
Markus Schuler ◽  
Kirstin Rautenberg ◽  
Christian Gerecke ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Hematopoietic progenitor cells are rich in aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, allowing their identification using fluorogenic substrates (Aldefluor®, StemCo Biomedical, Durham, North Carolina) and Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We compared the numbers of ALDH+ cells in peripheral blood and progenitor cell harvests with the numbers of CD34-positive cells. Furthermore, we compared the numbers of ALDH+ cells with the kinetics of hematopoietic engraftment following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and transplantation of autologous stem cell harvests (SCT). 25 Patients (Multiple Myeloma, n=10, Hodgkin’s disease, n=3, mantle cell lymphoma, n=3, follicular lymphoma, n=2, T-cell lymphoma, n=3, Burkitt-like lymphoma, n=3) were included in treatment protocols involving high-dose chemotherapy, and received mobilization chemotherapy and G-CSF (10 μg/kg/d s.c.). The numbers of CD34-positive cells were determined daily, and peripheral blood progenitor cell apheresis was initiated when adequate. PBPC collections were performed on an AS 104 cell separator (Fresenius AG, St. Wendel, Germany). Samples of peripheral blood and of progenitor cell harvests were routinely tested for the numbers of CD34-positive cells and ALDH+ cells. The enrichment of CD34-positive cells was calculated and compared to the numbers of ALDH+ cells. 20 patients (Multiple Myeloma, n=10, Hodgkin’s disease, n=3, mantle cell lymphoma, n=3, follicular lymphoma, n=2, T-cell lymphoma, n=2) proceeded to HDCT followed by reinfusion of progenitor cell harvests. The enrichment of ALDH+ cells in the course of apheresis exceeded the enrichment of CD34-positive cells slightly (18,3fold +/−12,8 vs. 15,7fold +/−10,2). The percentage of CD34-negative cells among ALDH+ cells was comparable in peripheral blood and in the harvest, whereas the population of CD34-positive, ALDH−negative cells varied substantially in the peripheral blood (CD34−/ ALDH+: 7,53% +/−5,2% (pB) vs. 6,52% +/−3,9 (harvest); CD34+/ALDH−: 24,6% +/−12,3% (pB) vs. 11,9% +/−9,3% (harvest). Following HDCT and SCT, the numbers of ALDH+ cells and of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood on the day of apheresis and in the harvests were compared with the reconstitution of the peripheral blood count. In a regression analysis, the number of ALDH+ cells in the peripheral blood on the day of apheresis (p=0,005), the number of ALDH+ cells transfused (p=0,01) and the number of CD34-positive cells transfused (p=0,012) were independent predictors of early recovery of the leukocyte counts. CD34-positive and ALDH+ cells appear to comprise partially different subsets of hematopoietic progenitor cells. The quantitation of ALDH+ cells may allow a more reliable prediction of the numbers of early hematopoietic progenitor cells than the assessment of CD34-positive cells and thus may be of predictive value for the recovery of leukocytes following SCT.

Recovery of Donor Peripheral Blood Platelet Count Following Platelet Apheresis.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2892-2892
Author(s):  
Larry J. Dumont ◽  
L. Lassahn ◽  
Peter A. Tomasulo ◽  
Dennis Harpool ◽  
S. Pinkard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Platelet Recovery ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Blood Platelet Count

Abstract BACKGROUND: Apheresis platelet collection from healthy normal blood donors can reduce the donor peripheral blood platelet concentration by 50% or more. The kinetics of peripheral blood platelet count (PLT) recovery in the apheresis donors over the first 24 hours has not been described. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery kinetics of the donor peripheral blood platelet count following apheresis platelet donation. METHODS: Healthy apheresis platelet donors were enrolled following informed consent. The apheresis platelet collection was performed using the Gambro Trima system (Gambro BCT, Lakewood, CO) following local SOP and manufacturer’s directions for use. The minimum predicted post-count was configured in the Trima to no less than 78K plt/μL. PLT was determined pre-procedure (Pre), immediately post procedure (Post), 4–11 h (FU1) and 11–41 h (FU2) post-donation using standard methods. The PLT recovery was evaluated as the increase in PLT following the donation (Delta). The effects of study site, time of sample, and the fraction of platelets collected (Fpc) at donation on Delta were evaluated using a random effects generalized linear regression model. A full regression model of Delta as a function of study site, follow-up period and Fpc with all main and interaction effects was used to test hypotheses. RESULTS: 548 subjects were entered into the study at 3 study sites; Pre-PLT 276±59 × 103 plt/μL, Post-PLT 205±47 × 103 plt/μL, Fpc 25±10%. No adverse events were reported by any subjects. Recovery of platelet count following apheresis platelet donation is variable between subjects; and the independent variables of study site, follow-period and Fpc accounted for 25% of the total variation in Delta. PLT increased 12.4±0.9 × 103 plt/μL by the time of follow-up sampling (p=0.01), although there was no difference between PLT at FU1 (214±49 × 103 plt/μL) and FU2 (212±47 × 103 plt/μL; p=0.15). None of the donors reached their pre-donation platelet count during the follow-up period. There was no difference in Delta between centers (p=0.23). Fpc had a significant affect on Delta (p<0.0001); with estimated Delta of 5.2±0.9 × 103 plt/μL at Fpc=15% and 16.0±.8 × 103 plt/μL at Fpc=30%. CONCLUSION: Platelet recovery following apheresis platelet donation was observed to be dependent on the fraction of platelets donated. Surprisingly, the recovery observed within the first 11 h was equivalent to that observed between 11–42 h, averaging 17.5% of the drop observed during apheresis. Recovery was not complete when observed for up to 41 h following donation in this study. Additional investigation of PLT recovery following apheresis donation is indicated to describe and differentiate the potential roles of de novo production, early pro-platelet release and platelet release from peripheral pools over the early post-donation period.

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