Nitrate in exhaled breath condensate of patients with different airway diseases

There is increasing evidence that biomarkers of exhaled gases or exhaled breath condensate (EBC) may help in detecting abnormalities in respiratory diseases mirroring increased, oxidative stress, airways inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Beside the traditional techniques to investigate biomarker profiles, “omics” sciences have raised interest in the clinical field as potentially improving disease phenotyping. In particular, metabonomics appears to be an important tool to gain qualitative and quantitative information on low-molecular weight metabolites present in cells, tissues, and fluids. Here, we review the potential use of EBC as a suitable matrix for metabonomic studies using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. By using this approach in airway diseases, it is now possible to separate specific EBC profiles, with implication in disease phenotyping and personalized therapy.

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The pH of the exhaled breath condensate: New method for investigation of inflammatory airway diseases

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2007.27986 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 148 (26) ◽

pp. 1217-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Balázs Szili ◽

András Bikov ◽

Márk Kollai ◽

Ildikó Horváth

Keyword(s):

Asthma Bronchiale ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

New Method ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Airway Diseases ◽

Breath Condensate

A kilélegzett levegő kondenzálása és a kondenzátum (EBC: Exhaled Breath Condensate) vizsgálata napjainkra egyre szélesebb körben terjed el pulmonológiai kutatásokban. Az eljárás során nem invazív úton nyerhetünk mintát a légutakból úgy, hogy a kilélegzett gázkeveréket egy hűtött kamrán áramoltatjuk át, és a kamra falára lecsapódó párát vizsgáljuk. A minta számos különböző mediátort, biomarkert tartalmaz. Kiemelt jelentőségű a különböző, eddig vizsgált biomarkerek közül a pH. Mérése egyszerű, olcsó és az optimális mérési tartományon belül van. Problémát a pH-érték instabilitása jelent, amit főként a minta CO 2 -koncentrációjának változása okoz. Számos publikáció jelent meg, amelyekben különböző légúti megbetegedésekben vizsgálták a kondenzátum pH-ját. Asthma bronchialéban (különösen akut exacerbatióban), valamint krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben (COPD) savasabbnak találták a kondenzátumot. Szteroidkezelés hatására mindkét betegségben emelkedik a pH. Bronchiectasiában, cisztikus fibrosisban, valamint krónikus köhögésben (asthma bronchiale, gastrooesophagealis reflux, rhinitis chronica, ismeretlen eredet) is savasabbnak találták az EBC-mintákat. A légutak savasodása a különböző kórállapotokban fontos szerepet játszhat a betegségek patomechanizmusában, és az ezt jelző EBC-pH szerepet kaphat a légúti megbetegedések követésében.

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Increased Nitrosothiols in Exhaled Breath Condensate in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1164/ajrccm.163.4.2001108 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 163 (4) ◽

pp. 854-858 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

MASSIMO CORRADI ◽

PAOLO MONTUSCHI ◽

LOUISE E. DONNELLY ◽

ALBERTO PESCI ◽

SERGEI A. KHARITONOV ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Airway Diseases ◽

Breath Condensate

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Preliminary Analysis of the Proteome of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Aquatic Mammals ◽

10.1578/am.44.3.2018.256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Don R. Bergfelt ◽

John Lippolis ◽

Michel Vandenplas ◽

Sydney Davis ◽

Blake A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preliminary Analysis ◽

Tursiops Truncatus ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Bottlenose Dolphins ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Breath Condensate

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Methodological Issues and Possible Clinical Implications for Exhaled Breath Condensate pH in Asthma

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026616666150930120421 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (14) ◽

pp. 1550-1560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andras Bikov ◽

Ildiko Horvath

Keyword(s):

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Breath Condensate

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Simultaneous and Sensitive Determination of Amphetamine, Codeine and Morphine in Exhaled Breath Condensate, Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with On-line and Off-line Enhancing Methods

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412915666190219143049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 872-879

Author(s):

Samin Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Forensic Toxicology ◽

Analytical Signal ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Concentration Method ◽

Validation Parameters ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Abuse of drugs is associated with several medical, forensic, toxicology and social challenges. “Drugs of abuse” testing is therefore an important issue. Objective: We propose a simple CE-based method for the quantification of amphetamine, codeine and morphine after direct injection of Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) by the aid of simple stacking mode and an off-line pre-concentration method. Methods: Using graphene oxide adsorbents, amphetamine, codeine and morphine were extracted from EBC in order to eliminate the proteins and other interferences. In addition to off-line method, an online stacking mode was applied to improve the analytical signal obtained from the instrument. Results: The validation parameters were experimented on the developed method based on the FDA guideline over concentration ranges of 12.5-100, 30-500 and 10-1250 ng/mL associated with amphetamine, codeine and morphine, respectively. Small volumes (around 100 μL) of EBC were collected using a lab-made setup and successfully analyzed using the proposed method where precisions and accuracies (within day and between days) were in accordance with the guideline (recommended less than 15 % for biological samples). The recovery tests were used to evaluate the matrix effect and data (94 to 105 %) showed that the proposed method can be applied in different EBC matrix samplings of subjects. Conclusion: The proposed method is superior for simultaneous determination of amphetamine, codeine and morphine over chromatographic analyses because it is fast and consumes fewer chemicals, with no derivatization step.

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Microextraction and Chromatographic Analysis of Budesonide Epimers in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191203104522 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1032-1040

Author(s):

Laleh Samini ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Mohamad M. Alimorad ◽

Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki ◽

Hak-Kim Chan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Low Cost ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Drug Concentrations ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate

Background: Analysis of drug concentrations in biological fluids is required in clinical sciences for various purposes. Among other biological samples, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a potential sample for follow up of drug concentrations. Methods: A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure followed by a validated liquid chromatography method was employed for the determination of budesonide (BDS) in EBC samples collected using a homemade setup. EBC is a non-invasive biological sample with possible applications for monitoring drug concentrations. The proposed analytical method is validated according to the FDA guidelines using EBC-spiked samples. Its applicability is tested on EBC samples collected from healthy volunteers receiving a single puff of BDS. Results: The best DLLME conditions involved the use of methanol (1 mL) as a disperser solvent, chloroform (200 μL) as an extraction solvent, and centrifugation rate of 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. The method was validated over a concentration range of 21-210 μg·L-1 in EBC. Inter- and intra-day precisions were less than 10% where the acceptable levels are less than 20%. The validated method was successfully applied for the determination of BDS in EBC samples. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the developed method can be used for the extraction and quantification of BDS in EBC samples using a low cost method.

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Determination of Verapamil in Exhaled Breath Condensate by Using Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412914666180717125434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 535-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fariba Pourkarim ◽

Ali Shayanfar ◽

Maryam Khoubnasabjafari ◽

Fariborz Akbarzadeh ◽

Sanaz Sajedi-Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Good Precision ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Breath Condensate ◽

Liquid Microextraction

Background:Developing a simple analysis method for quantification of drug concentration is one of the essential issues in pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring studies.Objective:A fast and reliable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was employed for preconcentration of verapamil in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples and this was followed by the determination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.Methods:A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) combined with a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was applied for quantification of verapamil in the EBC samples. The developed method was validated according to FDA guidelines.Results:Under the optimum conditions, the method provided a linear range between 0.07 and 0.8 µg.mL-1 with a coefficient of determination of 0.998. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative error values of the method were below 15%, which indicated good precision and accuracy. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of verapamil in two real samples with concentrations of 0.07 and 0.09 µg.mL-1.Conclusion:The established HPLC-UV-DLLME method could be applied for the analysis of verapamil in human EBC samples.

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